170

Science and Technology
Mary Diane A. Duran & Laurence C. Beruin
INTRO
INTRODUCTION
Science
is the process of discovering, explaining and predicting natural or social phenomena.
INTRO
Technology
are activities that apply the principles of science and mechanics to the solution of specific problems.
INTRO
INTRO
Societies differ in their level of technological sophistication and development.

mechanization automation cybernation
Mechanization
is the use of tools to accomplish tasks previously done by hand.
INTRO
Automation
is a type of technology in which self-operated machines accomplish tasks formerly done by workers.
INTRO
Cybernation
is the use of machines in the production process, thus machines control machines.
INTRO
THE GLOBAL CONTEXT:

The Technological Revolution
GLOBAL CONTEXT
WORLD REGIONS
Africa
INTERNET USERS
118,609,620
Asia
Europe Middle East North America
Latin America (Caribbean)
922,329,554
476,213,935 68,553,666 272,066,000 215,939,400 21,2293,830 As of March 31, 2011
http://internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Oceania/ Australia
GLOBAL CONTEXT
TV Patrol (October 22, 2010)
Social Networking Reach and Engagement in Asia Pacific Markets

February 2010 Population: Age 15+, home and work users Source: comScore World Matrix
Average Reach% mins. per visitor
Average visits per visitor
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Philippines Australia
90.3 89.6
332.2 228.0
26.3 20.9
Indonesia
Malaysia Singapore
88.6
84.7 83.7
324.4
226.0
22.6
22.3
220.9
22.1
The NTC estimates that an average of 250 million SMS (text, as we Filipinos say) messages were sent per day in 2005. Philippines is considered as the texting capital of the world.
mashable.com/2010/08/17/text-meassaging-infographic/ http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/081406_rav_cja_ict.asp
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Technological Fix
The use of science and technology rather than social engineering to solve social problems.
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Postmodernism
A world view that questions the validity of rational thinking and the scientific enterprise.
GLOBAL CONTEXT
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

structural-functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist
THEORIES
Structural-functionalist
GLOBAL CONTEXT
[ science ] was born indicates that society needs it (Durkheim).
THEORIES
When the material part of culture changes at a faster rate than the nonmaterial, a cultural lag may develop.
(Ogburn, 1957)
GLOBAL CONTEXT THEORIES
Robert Merton (1973) argued that scientific discoveries or technological innovations may be dysfunctional for society and create instability in the social system.
Conflict
Science and technology benefits a select few.
Technological advances are motivated by profit.
Conflict
Technology extends the patriarchal view of the society, promoting the interests of men while ignoring the needs and interests of women.
Symbolic Interactionist
Technological success is, in part, dependent upon the social meaning assigned to any particular product.
Symbolic Interactionist
GLOBAL CONTEXT
Who becomes involved in science and technology are also socially defined.
THEORIES
TECHNOLOGY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY
TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY
Top 10 Gadgets that Changed the World

1.Smart Phone 2.Radio 3.Television 4.Hypodermic Syringe 5.Personal Computer 6.Portable Air Conditioner 7.Rotary Phone 8.Phonograph 9.Alarm clock 10.Light Bulb
From History Channel: 101 Gadgets that changed the World (December 4, 2011)
34 4
Technology in the Workplace

Technology can make workers more accountable by gathering information about their performance.

Technology is also changing the location of work.

Computer-aided or robotic technology has revolutionized work.
The Computer Revolution

A lot of students are being drawn to computer related courses.
There are 318 universities offering computer science courses in the country. Finduniversity.ph

In A.Y. 2005-2006, there are 5,208 undergraduates in the field of Science and Engineering in UPLB.
Selected UPLB Statistics AY 2005-2006

Graduates (A.Y. 2010-2011) of BS ComSci 117 Enrolled (A.Y. 2011-2012) of BS ComSci 759 Candidates for Graduation (A.Y. 2011-2012) of BS COmSci - 143
CAS-OCS

Computers and computer softwares are big businesses.
The Information Highway

Information technology (IT) refers to any technology that carries information.

An information infrastructure facilitates telecommunications, knowledge and community integration.

Internet is an international information infrastructure available through universities, research institutes, government agencies and businesses.

There is also what we call ecommerce, or the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
Science and Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals, their parts, or their products to make materials such as food, medicine, and chemicals that are useful to man.
--CT Hedreyda National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology UP Diliman

Genetics
Genetic screening is the use of genetic maps to detect predispositions to human traits and diseases.

Genetics
Gene therapy is the transplantation of a healthy duplicate gene to replace a defective or missing one.

Genetics
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of the genes of an organism thus altering the natural outcome.

Reproductive Technologies
In-vitro fertilization is the union of germ cells in an artificial environment.
In-vitro fertilization

Abortion is the removal of an embryo from the uterus before it is viable.
Vacuum abortion

Partial birth abortion is the delivery of the limbs and torso of the fetus before it expires.
Partial birth abortion

Therapeutic cloning entails the use of stem cells from human embryos to produce body cells that can be used to grow needed organs and tissues.
SOCIETAL CONSEQUENCES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SOCIETAL CONSEQUENCES
Alienation, Deskilling and Upskilling

Alienation is the condition when workers feel powerless as a result of performing repetitive, isolated tasks.

Deskilling is the tendency for workers in a postindustrial society to make fewer decisions and for labor to require less thought.

Upskilling reduces employee alienation and increases decision making power.
Social Relationships and Social Interaction

Technology isolates people. Technology reduces the need for human contact.
Loss of Privacy and Security

Technology has created threats not only to the privacy of individuals but to the security of an entire nation.
Unemployment
Technologys effect on employment is rooted in the fact that machines are starting to replace human skills.
The Digital Divide

Several theorists hypothesize that as technology displaces workers, most notably the unskilled and uneducated, certain classes of people will be irreparably disadvantaged the poor, minorities, and women (Hayes, 1998 & Welter 1997).
Mental and Physical Health

My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who have a small attention span and who live for the moment.
-- Lady Susan Greenfield Neuroscientist/ Baroness
New York Times, Is Social Network Killing You? By: Robert Mackey (February 24, 2009
The Challenge to Traditional Values and Beliefs Technology has enabled people to achieve goals that were previously unobtainable.
STRATEGIES FOR ACTION: Controlling Science and Technology
ACTIONS
Republic Act 8792

Electronic Commerce Act
Sgn. Joseph Ejercito Estrada, June 14, 2000
Section 3. Objective- This Act aims to facilitate domestic and international dealings, transactions, arrangements agreements, contracts and exchanges and storage of information through the utilization of electronic mode instrumentality and technology to recognize the authenticity and reliability of electronic data messages or electronic documents related to such activities
ACTIONS
Runaway Science and Government Policy

The government, through regulatory agencies and departments, prohibits the use of some technologies while requiring others.
ACTIONS
Republic Act 8750

Seat Belts Use Act of 1999
August 5, 1999
an act requiring the mandatory compliance by motorists of private and public vehicles to use seat belt devices, and requiring vehicle manufacturers to install seat belt devices in all their manufactured vehicles.
ACTIONS
Republic Act 10054

Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009
March 23, 2010
an act mandating all motorcycle riders to wear standard protective motorcycle helmets while driving and providing penalties therefor.
ACTIONS
Republic Act 9175

Chain Saw Act of 2002
November 7, 2002
an act regulating the ownership, possession, sale, importation and use of chain saws, penalizing violations thereof and for other purposes.
ACTIONS
Understanding Science and Technology

Technological dualism indicates that science and its resulting technologies have both positive and negative effects.
ACTIONS
http://www.techpinas.com/2010/10/internet-usage-in-philippines-2010how.html http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/04/08/10/filipino-internet-users-mostengaged-social-media-survey http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/081406_rav_cja_ict.asp http://www.aijc.com.ph/survey_internet_access.pdf http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/viewFile/648/311 http://www.mb.com.ph/node/273203/comprehen http://philippinecybercorridor.wordpress.com/2008/08/21/republic-act-no8792-electronic-commerce-act/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La73Oy9ZGVw&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Si1cUc7w3Y
References
References
http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9175.html
http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1999/ra_8750_1999.html http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/insights/08/06/10/filipino-women-need-safe-andlegal-abortion-rp http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/is-social-networking-killing-you/ http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/ra10054-motorcycle-helmet-act-of-2009.html
END

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Science and Technology

Mary Diane A. Duran & Laurence C. Beruin

Societies differ in their level of technological sophistication and development.

THE GLOBAL CONTEXT:

TV Patrol (October 22, 2010)

Social Networking Reach and Engagement in Asia Pacific Markets

Average Reach% mins. per visitor

Average visits per visitor

SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

[ science ] was born indicates that society needs it (Durkheim).

TECHNOLOGY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Top 10 Gadgets that Changed the World

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Technology in the Workplace

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Technology in the Workplace

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Technology in the Workplace

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Computer Revolution

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Computer Revolution

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Computer Revolution

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Computer Revolution

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Information Highway

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Information Highway

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Information Highway

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

The Information Highway

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

Partial birth abortion

Science and Biotechnology

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY

TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY