SMART MULTIPURPOSE ELECTRONIC NOSE

Guided By: Mr. Dhiren Bhagat

Prepared By: Rana Amit K.

Introduction

What is an electronic nose ?

An electronic or artificial nose is an instrument,which comprises a sampling system,an array of chemical gas sensors and pattern recognition algorithm. It is capable of qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of simple or complex gases,vapours or odours. Multisensors with artificial intelligence that emulates human sense of smell.

Block diagram of electronic nose

Construction
Comprises of three parts:

Sampling system An array of chemical sensors Pattern recognition algorithm.

Block diagram of artificial olfactory system

Sensing system

Converts the contact of an odorous molecule in to a detectable signal. How does a sensor array works ?

Sensor array used to emulate the different types of olfactory receptors found in mammals. The number of sensors required depends on the specific application.

 The

optimal characteristics of a sensor for using in a Artificial olfactory system

high sensibility to the analytes good selectivity rapidity of the answer and complete reversibility in short times, accuracy and reproducibility of the measures, reduced dependency from temperature and humidity variations, resistance to the poisoning, resistance to the mechanical, physical and chemical shocks, low cost.

 Different chemical sensor satisfying the requirements

MOS sensors (metal oxide semiconductors) Sensor polymer conductors CP

Piezoelectric sensors BAW (bulk acoustic wave)

Photographs of chemical sensors (A) MOS sensor (B) surface acoustic wave sensor (C) Quartz micro balance sensor (D) conducting polymer sensor array

The pattern recognition algorithm The electronic nose system performance is dependent on the quality of functioning of its pattern recognition block. There are basically two types of approaches for pattern recognition of the samples. Statistical Approach. Principal componant analysis Cluster Analysis Artificial neural network Approach. Feed forward network. Back propagation.

Fig (a) single neuron (b) feed forward network

 Description of neural network

A neural network is an information processing paradigm,inspired by the biological nervous system,such as brain. It is composed of large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurons) working in parallel to solve specific problems. ANNs as well as statistical techniques can be divided in to two Approaches: Supervised approach Unsupervised approach

The use of ANN involves three phases

The learning phase The validation phase The production phase

Advantages of ANN in electronic nose
Advantages over chemical sensor

The nose is trained on examples rather than rules. One can use less selective sensors. Advantages over human beings Unbiased Used in dangerous situation

Schematic of smart electronic nose system

Artificial Vs Real Nose

Comparision between human and electronic nose

HUMAN NOSE ~ 10 million receptors, self generated 10 - 100 selectivity classes Adaptive Saturates Signal treatment in real time Identifies a large number of odors Cannot detect some simple molecules Can get infected ELECTRONIC NOSE 5 - 100 chemical sensors manually replaced 5 ~ 100 selectivity patterns Perhaps possible Persistent Pattern recognition hardware may do this Has to be trained for each application Can detect also simple molecules (H2, H2O, CO2) Can get poisoned

Applications

Environmental application Food application Medical application Military application

Future E-Nose
World's smallest electronic nose, a device able to replicate the odour sensor capability of the human nose. The latest project aims to combine odour sensors with signal processing components on a single silicon chip about a square centimetre in size. The new instrument will require little power and be small enough to be held in the palm of a hand.

 Advantages of electronic nose Do not get fatigue or the flu. Can detect toxic and hazardous situations. Can used for the boring or repetative task. Limitation The sensors work well if they are kept under constant conditions Tends to lose sensitivity with high concentration ,e.g. beer alcohol, calibration and drift problems.

Conclusion
Electronic nose technology is still in its development phase. It could be a life altering and even a life saving tool. In the near future, people will be able to carry an electronic nose with them daily.

THANK YOU !