ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS

Managing Stress

IMPACT OF STRESS
80% of all modern diseases have their origins in stress.
In the US, every year organizations lose close to $300 billion on account of employee stress. -- in terms of absenteeism, organizational medical expenses and lost productivity. Every year American organizations lose about $32 billion due to accidents. Of these 3/4 or $24 billion is due to accidents caused by the employees inability to cope with stress. In the UK, 40 million working days per year are lost directly from stress - related illness. Costs in absenteeism to British industry is estimated at 1.5 billion pounds per year.

DEFINITION
Stress may be defined as a state of psychological and/or physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individuals ability and/or motivation to meet those demands.

S=P>R
Stress occurs when the pressure is greater than the resource

NATURE OF STRESS
STRESS IS INDIVIDUALISTIC STRESS MAY NOT ALWAYS BE NEGATIVE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS) STRESS AND COGNITION

Stress is Individualistic
Causes of stress varies from person to person Ability to manage stress varies

STRESS AND PERFORMANCE

F

GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

Hans Seyle Alarm Reaction Resistance

Exhaustion

EFFECTS OF STRESS
Psychological effects Physiological Effects

Behavioral Effects
Trauma Burn out

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Colds & fever Hypertension Heart attacks Ulcers Arthritis Paralysis Impotency Miscarriages PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Anxiety Tension Boredom Dissatisfaction Depression Moodiness Loss of self esteem Inability to concentrate on work Inability to make decisions.

BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS
Overeating Undereating Loss of Sleep (Insomnia) Excessive Desire to Sleep Excessive Drinking (Alcoholism) Drug Addiction Excessive Smoking Reckless Driving Poor Interpersonal Relations Aggression Suicide

EFFECTS OF TRAUMA
Outcome of Devastating and Catastrophic events PTSD

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURN OUT

Physical Exhaustion Emotional Exhaustion

Depersonalization:
Reduced sense accomplishment of personal

SOURCES / CAUSES OF STRESS

Extraorganizational Stressors. Organizational Stressors Group Stressors

Individual Stressors.

EXTRAORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS
(1) SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES
(2) ECONOMIC SITUATION

(3) CIVIC AMENITIES

ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS
(1) OCCUPATIONAL DEMANDS (2) PERSONAL V/S ORGANISATIONAL LIFE (3) CAREER CONCERN (4) ROLE CONFLICT (5) ROLE AMBIGUITY (6) WORK OVERLOAD AND UNDERLOAD (7) RESPONSIBILITY FOR OTHERS (8) ORGANISATIONAL PROCESSES (9) ORGANISATIONAL POLICIES (10) WORKING CONDITIONS

GROUP STRESSORS
(1) LACK OF COHESIVENESS (2) LACK OF SOCIAL SUPPORT (3) INTRAPERSONAL, INTERPERSONAL, AND INTERGROUP CONFLICT

INDIVIDUAL STRESSORS
(1) OPTIMISM (2) HARDINESS (3) TYPE A PERSONALITY

(4) LIFE AND CAREER CHANGES

COPING WITH STRESS

Personal strategies

Organizational strategies

 Physical Strategies

PERSONAL STRATEGIES

(Exercises, Balanced Diet, Regular Habits)

Psychological Strategies
Social Support Foresight Engaging Oneself in other Activities Behavioral Self Control Relaxation and Meditation Cognitive Therapy

ABC of REBT
A C

ABCDE of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

Imaginary A

Rational or Irrational
B C Actions Feelings Thoughts

Realistic

Activating event

BELIEF

Consequences

D (Disputing The Irrational Belief)

E (Adopting An Effective Philosophy Of Life)

Must: Self-Abuse

I MUST be competent, adequate and achieving. I MUST win the approval of virtually all the significant people in my life. Else I am worthless.

Others MUST treat me kindly, fairly and properly when I want them to do so. Else, they are worthless.

I need and MUST have things I really want. The conditions under which I live & the world around me MUST gratify my desires easily & immediately without too many difficulties or hassles. Else, the world is a rotten place and life is hardly worth living.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES
Create a Supportive Organizational Climate Reduce Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity Proper Selection, Placement and Training Career Development and Planning Enrich Job Design Stress Management Programs
(Employee Assistant Programs)

Family Supportive Practices

(Day-care centers & on-site centers or sick children)

THANK YOU