TYPES OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELING

Mamata Manandhar M.Sc. Nursing,1st Year(2011) BPKIHS

Introduction on Types of Guidance & Counseling

Guidance and counseling are interchangeable terms, but the main difference is guidance refers to helping somebody plan or choose a path or direction, whereas counseling it giving general advice that could pertain to almost anything.

Introduction contd..
An example of counseling, that may not be considered guidance might be therapy. Many therapists counsel their clients and attempt to inprove their coping skills without actually pushing them in any direction

Guidance
Guidance is a continuous process and it deals with all aspects of life. Guidance services are meant to help students make proper adjustments with the environments in which they are living & also make the best possible contributions commensurate with ones strength & limitations.

Guidance contd..
He being self autonomous must therefore be permitted to make his own decisions.

Different Views
According to W.M. Procters view: Educational guidance Vocational guidance Guidance in social & civic activities Guidance in health & physical activities Guidance in the worthy use of leisure time Guidance in character building activities

Views contd..
As per John M Brewer, in his famous book Education as Guidance described the types of guidance as: Educational guidance Vocational guidance Guidance for home relationship Guidance for citizenship

Views contd..
Guidance for leisure & recreation Guidance in personal well-being Guidance in right doing Guidance in thoughtfulness & cooperation Guidance in wholesome & cultural activities

Views contd..
According to Nursing Educators view: Group guidance Counseling Guidance in clinical areas

The major types of Guidance are:

Educational guidance Vocational guidance Avocational guidance Social guidance Health guidance Personal guidance

Educational Guidance
According to John, Educational guidance is concerned with assistance given to pupils in their choices & adjustments with relation to schools, curriculum, course & school life.

Educational Guidance cont..

The emphasis is on providing assistance to students to perform satisfactorily in their academic work, choose the appropriate courses of study, overcome learning difficulties foster creativity ,improve level of motivation, utilize institutional resources optimally .

Objectives of Educational Guidance

To monitor the academic progress of students studying in institutions To acquaint the students with prescribed curriculum To identify the academically gifted, backward, creative & other categories of special learners To cater to the educational needs of special learners

Objectives contd..
To assist students in getting information about further education To diagnose the learning difficulties of the students & help them overcome the same To assist the students to maximize their scholastic achievements

Objectives contd..
To help students to review & reflect on their performance on the course To help students face the consequences of acceptance of their role & respond to demands legitimately made on them

Vocational Guidance
Vocational guidance is the process of assisting the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter upon and progress in it. It is concerned with enabling students to acquire information about career opportunities, career growth & training

Objectives of Vocational Guidance

Enable students to discover their potentialities & interests Make available information about vocational training Assist in choice of vocation Train students for entrepreneurship

Objective contd..
Train students for adjustment in a chosen vocation Assist students in attending emotional stability Help students to get properly adjusted in life

Personal Guidance
Personal guidance refers to the guidance to the students to enable them to adjust themselves to their environment so that they become efficient citizens.

Objectives of Personal Guidance

Help students to improvemental health Assist students in becoming progressively responsible for their own development

Social Guidance
Social guidance is the guidance to student to enable them to make substantial contributions to the society; assume leadership , conform to social norms, work as team members, develop healthy & positive attitudes, appreciate the problems of society

Objectives of Social Guidance

Develop in students proper attitude for social life Inculcate in students right social values Train students for leadership & followership qualities Built a spirit of teamwork in students

Avocational Guidance
Avocational guidance is the assistance to be provided to students to spend their available time profitably. For e.g. games, photography, fine arts, this has recreational values also.

Objectives of Avocational Guidance

Provide opportunities for participation in extra curricular activities Assists students in developing hobbies & interests Provide avenues for recreation Inculcate interests in games & other forms of recreation

Health Guidance
This implies the assistance rendered to the students for maintaining sound health. Sound health is a prerequisite for participating in curricular & cocurricular activities.

Objectives of Health Guidance

Indicate need for sound health Provide for sex education Encourage students to follow a well-balance program of physical activities Encourage students to overcome any remedial defects they may have or to receive medical treatment for them

Educational Guidance in Nursing

Teachers in nursing institutions develop instructional plans, implement them & evaluate the effectiveness of their instructions for the main purpose of enabling their students to acquire knowledge & skill prescribed in the courses of study.

Principals of Educational Guidance

Educational guidance must be objective oriented Every student is capable of achieving the best of his ability Individual differences in academic achievement of students must be recognized

Principles contd..
Educational guidance strategy must be student oriented The strategies must take into consideration the resources & facilities available to the students Educational guidance needs to be provided for all

Classification of students in Educational Guidance

Avarege Below Average Above Average

Identification of Students problems

continuous & careful observations records of students performance in test, assignments & other academic activities Achievement tests, aptitude tests, intelligence tests & interest inventories.

Strategies for Educational Guidance

Educational guidance strategies to be used by teachers depend upon the nature of problems, & the extent of their effect These strategies should be situationoriented & student-oriented.

Approach to Problem Solving

Problem identification Gathering the data available Hypothesizing the probable causes of the problem

Problem solving contd..

Identifying the data needed & collecting the data Arriving at the actual causes Implementing the strategy for solving Follow-up action initiation

TYPES OF COUNSELING
Developmental Counseling Preventive Counseling Facilitative Counseling Crisis Counseling Orientation services & appraisal services are also included

Counseling contd..
Others services Planning Placement & Follow-up services

Types of Student Concerns Addressed

Self-esteem, family dynamics, transition & separation issues, roommate problems, relationships, stress and anxiety, depression, loss & grief, loneliness, painful memories, drug & alcohol issues, eating disorders, sexual issues, suicidal thoughts, sleep difficulties, anger management, decision making, communication skills

References
KP Neeraja, Textbook of Nursing Education, 1ST edition 2003, reprint 2009AD, JAYPEE, 458-462 & 479-493 BT Basavanthapa, Nursing Education, 2nd edition 2009 AD, JAYPEE, 869-877 & 882-883 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_defini tion_of_'guidance'_and_'counselling'_discus_typ es_of_counselling_with_example

Reference contd..
http://www.unt.edu/cat/counseling/counselin g.html http://www.allpsychologyschools.com/psycho logy-careers/counseling/counseling-types http://www.unt.edu/cat/counseling/counselin g.html