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Only has magnitude Requires 2 things: 1. A value 2. Appropriate units Ex. Mass: 5kg Temp: 21 C Speed: 65 mph
Has magnitude & direction Requires 3 things: 1. A value 2. Appropriate units 3. A direction! Ex. Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2 down Velocity: 25 mph West
A vector is represented on paper by an arrow 1. the length represents magnitude 2. the arrow faces the direction of motion 3. a vector can be picked up and moved on the paper as long as the length and direction its pointing does not change
5.0 m/s East (suggested scale: 1 cm = 1 m/s) 300 Newtons 60 South of East (suggested scale: 1 cm = 100 N) 0.40 m 25 East of North (suggested scale: 5 cm = 0.1 m)
3.
4.
Tip-To-Tail Method Pick appropriate scale, write it down. Use a ruler & protractor, draw 1st vector to scale in appropriate direction, label. Start at tip of 1st vector, draw 2nd vector to scale, label. Connect the vectors starting at the tail end of the 1st and ending with the tip of the last vector. This = sum of the original vectors, its called the resultant vector.
Use a graphical representation to solve the following: A hiker walks 1 km west, then 2 km south, then 3 km west. What is the sum of his distance traveled using a graphical representation?
Answer = ????????
Use a graphical representation to solve the following: Another hiker walks 2 km south and 4 km west. What is the sum of her distance traveled using a graphical representation? How does it compare to hiker #1?
Answer = ????????
Vectors in the same direction: Add the 2 magnitudes, keep the direction the same. Ex. + = 3m E 1m E 4m E
Vectors in opposite directions Subtract the 2 magnitudes, direction is the same as the greater vector. Ex. 4m S + 2m N = 2m S
Vectors that meet at 90 Resultant vector will be hypotenuse of a right triangle. Use trig functions and Pythagorean Theorem.
Subtraction used when trying to find a change in a quantity. Equations to remember: d = df di or v = vf vi Therefore, you add the second vector to the opposite of the first vector.
Ex. =
4 km N (v2)
Treat each vector separately: 1. To find the X component, you must: Ax = Acos 2. To find the Y component, you must: Ay = Asin 3. Repeat steps 2 & 3 for all vectors
Adjacent side
SOH
TOA
EXAMPLE
Walk due west for 52 paces, then walk 30.0o North of West for 42 paces, and then walk due north for 25 paces.What are the magnitude and direction of the resultant, R
VECTOR DIAGRAM
42 25
52
TABLE
PACES 52 42 25 180.0 150.0 90.0 Sum X -52 -36 0 -88 Y 0 21 25 46
46 Paces
R N of W
88 Paces
VALUE OF RESULTANT
Use Pythagorean Theorem
Angular Direction
Use tan function
FINAL ANSWER
99 Paces, 28o, N of W
Units of Measurements
MKS: meters (m), Kilogram (kg), second (s) kilometer (km), hour (h)