(what in the world?

ANCIENT ROME
 Beginnings
• Located on Italian Peninsula in
Mediterranean Sea
• 800 BC, Latins (ancestors of Romans),
begin to settle, along with other groups
(Greeks, Etruscans)
• City of Seven Hills, Romulus and Remus
• Romans learned much from Etruscans
 Establishing A Republic

• Romans drive out Etruscan Rulers

• ROMAN STATE IS FOUNDED
• Establish a republic or “that which belongs
to the people”
• Roman Republic lasts 500 years
 Government
Organization
• Senate controlled/made laws
– 300 members (patricians – upper class)
– 2 consuls to control armies/supervise gov.
– In war, they might choose dictator
• PLEBEIANS (regular Joes) demand
more opportunity
– Gain Power/Elected tribunes who could veto.
– Roman Laws inscribed on 12 tablets
– Common People could now gain power
 ROMAN SOCIETY
• Family was basic unit = father was head
– Women would eventually gain power
• Girls/boys from upper and lower class learn
to read an write
– All are educated
– Children learn major events in Roman history
• Numerous Gods/Goddesses
– Jupiter (like Zeus)
– Juno, Hera, Neptune, Mars
 Expansion
• Armies expand Roman power
– Republic Grows
• Rome defeats it enemies
– Legions, military unit (5,000 men)
• TREAT enemies with respect
• Control much of Italian Peninsula
• Conquered lands remain loyal
 5.2
(FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE)
Rome Grows Through Conquest
• Conquest of Italian Peninsula by the
Romans results in contact/conflict over
control with Carthage in N. Africa =
– PUNIC WARS (b/w 264bc and 146bc)
• 1st = Roman Victory
• 2nd = Hannibal surprises Rome, but looses in end
• 3rd = Rome completely destroys Carthage
 How far would they go?
• Imperialism = establishing control over
foreign lands and peoples
• Rome expanded in all directions
– To the East = lands that Alexander the Great
conquered
– By 133 BC, land stretched from Spain to
Egypt
 Impact at Home
• $$$$$$, a new class of wealthy emerges
– Create huge estates, called LATIFUNDIA
– Small farmers cannot compete, move to city,
where the find no jobs, and riots ensue
– Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempt
reform, but were killed
 “I Came, I Saw, I Conquered”
• Out of chaos comes Julius Caesar
– Dictator, expands Rome even more
– Reforms Rome b/w 48 – 44 bc
• Public works, public land
• Roman citizenship to more people, Calendar
• Enemies feard him being “King” – he is murdered –
Mark Antony, Octavian battle for power
 Augustus Reigns
• Octavian defeats Antony and ally Cleopatra - is
given name Augustus, or “exalted one”
• Republic had ended, he (Augustus) had
absolute power, begins era of Pax Romana,
“Roman Peace” beginning in 31 BC
• See pg 159
 SECTION 3 ASSIGNMENT
• READ SEC 3
• 5-7 REALISTIC TEST QUESTIONS
– KEY IDEAS, MAIN POINTS
• QUIZ OVER SECT 1-3 TOMORROW