Surrogate Motherhood

BERNADETTE V. ENDAYA, RN

SURROGACY
Being a substitute Indicates an arrangement whereby a woman agrees to undergo the pregnancy, labor and delivery for another individual who either cannot or chooses not to

TYPES OF SURROGACY
1. TRADITIONAL SURROGACY 2. GESTATIONAL SURROGACY

TRADITIONAL SURROGACY
Also known as full or straight surrogacy A woman called a surrogate mother carries an embryo conceived with her own egg and the intended fathers sperm or of a sperm donor Child may be conceived via home artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination (IUI) or intracervical insemination (ICI)

GESTATIONAL SURROGACY
the surrogate, called a gestational carrier, gives birth to a baby conceived with an egg and sperm of a couple or a donor egg or sperm. Surrogate has no genetic relationship with the baby After birth, gestational carrier turns over the child

TYPES OF SURROGACY according to ARRANGEMENT

1. COMMERCIAL SURROGACY - carrier gets compensated for carrying and delivering the child (besides medical and other reasonable expenses) 2. ALTRUISTIC SURROGACY - carrier receives no compensation

REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY

Female infertility Medical issues which may make the pregnancy or delivery risky Intended mother prefers convenience Single man wishing to have his biological child Gay or lesbian couples

REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY

Hysterectomy Myomectomy of the uterus Intrauterine damage or infection Malformed uterus Pelvic adhesions Cardiac disease History of ectopic pregnancies Physical disabilities

PROCEDURE FOR BECOMING A GESTATIONAL SURROGATE

Hysteroscopy Infectious disease test Mock cycle Pap smear Complete physical exam Trial transfer Psychological tests

SURROGACY AND THE BIBLE Story of Abraham and Sarah

SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES

SAUDI ARABIA Surrogacy is illegal FRANCE and ITALY Commercial and altruistic surrogacy are illegal HUNGARY, HONGKONG, JAPAN and UK Commercial surrogacy is illegal GEORGIA and UKRAINE Surrogacy is legal AUSTRALIA and CANADA Altruistic surrogacy is legal

SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES

INDIA Commercial surrogacy is legal Emerging leader in international surrogacy Destination in surrogacy-related fertility tourism US States have their own state laws on surrogacy Florida and California have surrogacyaccommodating laws Military wives found surrogacy to be a means to supplement military incomes

BABY M CASE
Mary Beth Whitehead was artificially inseminated with William Sterns sperm March 27 1986 Baby M was born Whitehead named her Sara Elizabeth Sterns named her Melissa Whitehead did not want to relinquish the parental rights to the Sterns

ETHICAL DILEMMAS
What if the surrogate decides to keep the baby? If a couple divorces before the baby is born, who gets custody? What happens if one or both of the commissioning parents die before the baby is born? Does she have the right to abort? What would happen if the infant is born with a defect and nobody wants it? Should the child be introduced to the surrogate mother?

ETHICAL DILEMMAS
Is it considered as baby selling? Is the child a science baby? Is surrogacy a business? Why dont infertile couple consider adoption?

SURROGATE MOTEHRHOOD IS ETHICAL

it is a solution to infertility after repeated failure to conceive by other means. It is unjust that infertile couples should be denied parenthood. Intrauterine insemination allows the child to carry at least the fathers biological genes. Difficulties inherent in the adoption process Also, the presence of a disorder that would place the mothers life in jeopardy if she became pregnant is a strong argument in favor of the process. Proponents cite studies of surrogates that confirm that most surrogates view their experience as positive, meaningful and empowering.

SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD IS UNETHICAL

The physical and psychological risks to the surrogate mother and the purported long and short-term physical and psychological hazards to the child. compensated surrogacy arrangements are abused whereby a surrogate is paid to carry a child to maturity. Opponents denounce these arrangements as the financial exploitation of womens bodies. Surrogacy is attacked as an advantage of the rich over the poor, a means of turning surrogate motherhood into a commercial industry and a convenience for the well-off to avoid childbirth.

SURROGACY NIGHTMARE

SURROGACY: A GIFT OF MODERN SCIENCE

THANK YOU!!!