SOFTWARE MODEM

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What is modem?

A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines.

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Difference

A cable modem is a rather broad term and may vary in technical specification depending on supplier. In general cables modems connect to a dedicated cable and offer internet services, possibly along side a cable TV service.

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Definition:

Software modem:

A modem implemented entirely in software. Software modems rely on the computer's processor to modulate and demodulate signals.

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Theory of operation

FSK technique is used in 1200 band modems. It transmits sinusoidal tones

- 0s and 1s of different frequencies.

The 01 bit pattern creates the chirping sound characteristic of modems.

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Theory of operation

Higher-speed modems are backward compatible with the 1200 band FSK 1 0 scheme and begin a transmission with a protocol.
time

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FSK encoding
Generate waveforms based on current bit:
0110101 bit-controlled waveform generator

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FSK detection scheme

zero filter A/D converter detector

0 bit

one filter

detector

1 bit

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FSK detection scheme

The analog input is sampled and the resulting bit stream is sent to two digital FSK filters - one passes frequencies in the range of

0 and rejects 1-band. -the other one does the reverse.

The output of the filter is sent to the detectors. 3/20/12

FSK detection scheme

It computes the average value of the signal over the past n samples. When the energy goes above the threshold value, the appropriate bit is detected.

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Transmission scheme
Send data in 8-bit bytes. Arbitrary spacing between bytes. Byte starts with 0 start bit. Receiver measures length of start bit to synchronize itself to remaining 8 bits.
start (0) bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 ... bit 8

2008 3/20/12 Wayne Wolf

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Requirements
Inputs Outputs Functions Analog sound input, reset button. Analog sound output, LED bit display. Transmitter: Sends data from memory in 8-bit bytes plus start bit. Receiver: Automatically detects bytes and reads bits. Displays current bit on LED. 1200 baud. Dominated by microprocessor and analog I/O Powered by AC. Small desktop object.

Performance Manufacturing cost Power Physical size/weight

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Specification
Line-in* 1 1 Receiver input() sample-in() bit-out()

Transmitter

Line-out*

bit-in() sample-out()

output()

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System architecture

It consists of one small subsystem(interrupt handler for input and output) And two major subsystem(transmitter and receiver).

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Transmitter

Waveform generation by table lookup.

float sine_wave[N_SAMP] = { 0.0, 0.5, 0.866, 1, 0.866, 0.5, 0.0, -0.5, -0.866, -1.0, -0.866, -0.5, 0};
time

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Receiver
Filters (FIR for simplicity) use circular buffers to hold data. Timer measures bit length. State machine recognizes start bits, data bits.

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Hardware platform
Hardwar architecture is relatively simple.
-A/D converter. -D/A converter. -Timer.

The amount of memory required to implement algorithm is relatively very small.

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Component design and testing

Easy to test transmitter and receiver on host. Transmitter can be verified with speaker outputs. Receiver verification tasks:
start bit recognition; data bit recognition.
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System integration and testing

Two ways to test modem system:
-by having the modems transmitter send bits to its receiver. -by connecting two different modems.

Use loopback mode to test components against each other.

Loopback in software or by connecting D/A and A/D converters. 2008 Overheads for
Computers as

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THANK YOU!!!
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