MICAL EQUILIBRIUM

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1
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Objectives

to evaluate how the change in concentration and temperature affect the equilibrium system explain the effect of these changes in the equilibrium system interpret the results based on Le Chateliers Principle

to to

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Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical

reactions

The

state in which the forward reaction (formation of products) is happening at the same rate as the backward reaction (formation of reactants). +B C reaction continues but the concentrations of the reactants and products stay the same.

The

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H2 + I2

2HI

2HI

H2 + I2

Source: http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/equil1.gif

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Le Chateliers Principle
If

a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in pressure, temperature, or the number of moles of a substance, there will be a shift in the direction such that the effect is reduced and equilibrium is attained once again. (3) Factors that can disturb chemical equilibrium: in reactant or product concentrations in the pressure
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Three

1.Change 2.Change

Methodology
20 drops of 1 M Fe(NO3)3 solution 20 drops of 1 M KCNS solution 7 mL of water

10 mL

Color of mixture?
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Data and Results

Reagent/ Treatment 0.1 M Fe(NO3)3 0.1 M KCNS 0.1 M KCL 0.1 M AgNO3 Pinch of NaF Increase in temp. Decrease in temp. Observation Darker Darker Lighter Milky white Milky white Lighter Darker Direction of shift Forward Forward Backward Backward Backward Backward Forward
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Discussion
Fe

3+

+ CNS-

FeCNS 2+ blood-red

Orange colorless

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Effect of concentration changes

Test An To

tube 2 and 3

increase in concentration ofthe reactant

reduce amount of reactant (and attain equilibrium), shift towards formation of more product (forward direction) forward reactionresulted inthe creation ofmore FeSCN2+ making solution darker

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Test tube 4
dissociatesinto K+ and Cl- ions ions also form a complex with CNS FeCl 3+ 3KCNS

KCl K+

Fe(CNS)3 + 3KCl
Decrease To

in amount of reactant CNS-

increase amount of reactant (to attain equilibrium), the product FeSCN2+ is broken down (reverse shift) 3/22/12

 Test

tube 5

AdditionofAgNO3

caused a precipitation ofinsolublecompound AgCNS Fe(CNS)3+ AgNO3 AgSCN +Fe(NO3)3

Decreasein To

theamountof CNS- ions as AgCNS was being formed increase amount of reactant (to attain equilibrium),the product FeSCN2+ was broken down (reverse shift) 3/22/12

 Although

Fe(NO3)3, a reactant, was also produced, the effect of the shift towards the breakdown of the FeCNS2+ was favored because the AgCNS formed is solid and insoluble.

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 Test

tube 6 Fe, decreasing irons

reacted with concentration

There

was a backward shift- formation of more reactants (III) fluoride

Iron

commercially

used for the production of ceramics, it comes in a pale, milky color

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Effect oftemperature changes

Equilibrium Treat

constant changes with changes in temperature. heat, reagent H, as if it were achemical Reactants+ H product product + H

Endothermic: Exothermic:

Reactants

When

the temperature is increased, it is as if we have added a reactant, or aproduct, to the systemof equilibrium.Theequilibriumshiftsin the 3/22/12 excess direction that consumes the

 Endothermic:
Reduce

like adding more reactants

amount of reactant and attain equilibrium by shifting towards formation of more products in temperature causes the shift to the right

Increase

Exothermic:
Reduce

like adding more products

amount of the product and attain equilibrium by shifting towards formation of more reactant

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 Heating

test tube 7 resulted in a solution ofa lighter color, indicating ashift towards the production of reactants. test tube 8 in an ice bath produced a darker color of solution, indicating a shift towards production of products.
Hence,

Placing

it is an exothermic reaction

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Guide Questions
Explain

your observations on the basis ofLe Chateliers Principle.

According

to Le Chateliers Principle, if a system is at equilibrium and we add a substance, the reaction will shift so as to reestablish equilibrium by consuming part of the added substance. reactants are added or productsare removed, the system will reestablish equilibrium by moving in the forward direction and converting the reactants into products. Such is the case in test tubes 2, 3, and 8 (ifyou treat heat as areactant). On the otherhand, if the concentration of the reactants is decreased, shifting 3/22/12reaction the

If

 Which

species (ions) in the added reagents are effective in altering the state of the system?
Fe3+

and CNS are effective.

Is

the reaction endothermic orexothermic? Why?

The

reaction is exothermic, because the reaction shifts backward (a lightersolution was obtained) with an increase in temperature, indicating that the reaction is heat releasing.
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Conclusions and Recommendations

Le An

Chateliers principle beendemonstrated in this experiment.

has

increase in the concentration of the reactant ora decrease in the concentration of the product shifts the direction of the reaction towards the production of more products to return to the equilibrium position. opposite, a decrease in the concentration ofthe reactants or an increase in the concentration ofthe product shifts the equilibrium positiontowards the production of more reactants.
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The

 If

temperature is treated as a reactant, in an exothermic reaction, an increase in temperature shifts the direction towards the production of more reactants. decrease in temperature in an exothermic reaction causes a shift towards the production of products, in order to reestablish equilibrium.

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References
Lower,

S. (n.d.) Chemical equilibrium: A Chem1 reference text Retrieved from http://www.chem1.com/acad/pdf/chemeq.pdf

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