Facilities Engineering

- Field Development Concept

By AP Dr Razali Hamzah

3/22/2012

APDrRazaliHamzah

Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

Contents 1. Types of Platforms a. Fixed Platforms b. Manned / Unmanned c. Mother / Satellite Platforms d. Platforms for Marginal Fields Development. 2. Facilities Requirements a. Production Facility b. Well Testing Facility c. Water Handling Facility d. Power Generation e. Accommodation/Living Quarters f. IOR/EOR Water Injection / Gas Injection 3. Floating Facilities a. FPSO b. FSO 4. Underwater Facilities a. Wellheads & Production 5. Integrated Development & Production System
6. Q & A

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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

1. Types of Platforms a. Fixed Platforms Definition: A fixed platform is a structure that is used to support production facilities and/or other equipment (offshore) for a long time. It may be piled or tied up to the ground /seabed or simply placed onsite due to its gravity. A fixed platform may be removed when it has served its purposes or left in-situ after specific make-safe works been done.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

1. Types of Platforms a. Fixed Platforms

i). A Steel Platform

ii). A TLP

iii). A Steel Jacket

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iv). A Concrete Gravity

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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

1. Types of Platforms b. Manned / Unmanned Definitions: A platform that usually occupied by working personnel 24 hours and therefore provides accommodations / living quarters for them is called manned platform. Living quarters are normally located on a mother platform or a dedicated LQ-platform. Unmanned platforms are those did not provide living quarters for its working personnel and workers come and go on daily basis or on required basis only. It sometimes provides a shed or a dog house for protection from bad weather only.

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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

1. Types of Platforms c. Mother / Satellite Platforms Definitions: A mother platform is the main platform that provides all the main facilities e.g. Production facilities, LQ, Power Generation etc. to the adjacent smaller platforms in a field that requires more than one platforms to fully develop and produced. These smaller platforms only housed the wellheads for the production wells and test separators for well testing purposes are called the Satellite platforms.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

1. Types of Platforms d. Platforms for Marginal Fields. Definition: Marginal fields are fields whose reserves are small and required minimum facilities for their development in order for them to be commercially viable. They cannot used the traditional mega facilities & infrastructures because of the huge cost that makes the development and production unprofitable.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

1. Types of Platforms d. Platforms for Marginal Fields. Typical Platforms used are lightweight in nature, easy to install and requires only a few wells to be drilled and completed.
e.g. Tripod, Monopod and Wellhead Protection Jackets.

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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements a. Production Facility Consists of, i. Production manifolds. ii. Piping. iii. Separators. iv. Strainers / Scrubbers. v. Heat Exchangers (Heaters / Coolers). vi. Control Valves. vii. Pumps. viii. Instrumentation & Control. ix. Water Treating facility. x. Gas handling facility
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirement b. Well Testing Facility On each major platform there is also a well testing facility normally called test separator. It is functioning as a normal separator that separates water/oil/gas but has metering systems to measure the amount of water, oil, and gas individually. This test separator can be selectively tied in to the producing well for testing and monitoring its production performance. Connection is done through the production manifolds.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements c. Water Treating Facility The effluent water (produced together with the hydrocarbon) need to be removed as early as possible when it comes to surface to avoid corrosion and worst, reducing the capacity of the production facility. The water, before it can be thrown out to sea has to meet certain specification normally between 15mg/l 50mg/l (even lower if onshore), depending on specific location offshore.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements c. Water Treating Facility

Method Gravity Separation

Equipment type
Skimmer Tank & Vessels API Separator, Disposal Piles Skim Piles Parallel Plate Interceptors Corrugated Plate Interceptors Cross-flow Separators Mixed-flow Separators

Approx. Min. Drop Size Removal 100 150 Microns

Plate Coalescence

30 50 Microns

Enhanced Coalescence Gas Flotation Enhanced Gravity Separation

Precipitators, Filter / Coalescers 10 15 Microns Free-Flow Turbulent Coalescers Dissolved Gas, Hydraulic and Mechanical Dispersed Gas 15 20 Microns 5 15 Microns

Hydrocyclones, Centrifuges Multi-media Membrane APDrRazaliHamzah

Filtration 3/22/2012

1+ Micron

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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements d. Power Generation Electrical Power generation is also a consideration for offshore platforms. Electrical power is required for lighting, to power fire water pumps, control systems and many other equipment. Power can be derived by using gas turbine hence the gas produced after being conditioned can be utilized if required.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements e. Accommodation/Living Quarters For offshore platforms LQs is one important consideration in determining the facilities required for efficient and safe operations of the oil/gas production systems. Although there is an additional capital cost to be incurred for LQs requirement, the resultant operating costs (inclusive logistics) could be saved depending on the distance and number of people to man the platforms for safe and continuous operations at any one time during the fields life. A dedicated accommodation can help boost up the performance of the important platform personnel esp. the operators and technicians. Food and beds are provided for them free of charge.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements e. Accommodation/Living Quarters Typical LQ capacity for Malaysian offshore operations are between 80 120 man LQs. During peak activities e.g. during Drilling campaign additional space may be required to house the essential personnel. These may be provided by the drilling rig contractor or by hiring an accommodation barge etc.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

2. Facilities Requirements f. IOR/EOR Water Injection / Gas Injection Water Injection facility consists of Pumping and water purifying and treatment units.
Gas Injection facility consists of gas conditioning/treating and gas compression units. Space must be provided on the platform when these equipment are required.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

3. Floating Facilities a. FPSO (Floating production, storage and offloading) is a ship like vessel that is used to receive life crude oil (or partly life) for further stabilization / separation, then provide space for storage until a cargo ship comes to receive the stabilized crude for export. FPSO has the facility to pump and transfer (offload) the crude oil into the cargo ship. An FPSO is usually anchored within a producing field by SBM / SALM system.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

3. Floating Facilities b. FSO (Floating storage and offloading) is also a ship like vessel but only receives a stabilized crude oil that has been processed at a platform. It functions entirely as storage and off loading facility. It is also anchored closed to the producing platforms (within an oil field) by a SBM / SALM system. All crude is transferred to the FPSO/ FSO from the production platforms via a sub-sea pipeline.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

4. Underwater Facilities a. Wellheads & Production

Sometimes it is uneconomical to have platforms offshore to produce oil/gas at remote fields having small reserves. To exploit such a field individual well is drilled and completed underwater. Special wellheads are used for such wells and a protection templates are used to protect the wellheads form anchors dropped or dragged from ships. The production are then hooked up to the nearby platforms via a sub-sea pipeline. This type of facilities are common for deep sea productions.
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5. Integrated Development & Production System This is a platform complex housing the required facilities for the oil/gas production. The production (wellheads), separations, Compression, Pumping, Power Generation, Flare boom and LQs may be housed on a single platform (huge) or a few individual smaller platforms but linked by bridges.
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Facilities Engineering Field Development Concept

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Facilities Engineering - Introduction

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