ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

TITTLE : CHROMIUM CARCINOGENICS IN WATER

GROUP MEMBERS :
FAIZAH BINTI ISMAIL (UK23274) NUR FARHANA BINTI ZULKIFLI (UK23533) NURUL NATRA BINTI AHMAD TARMIDI (UK23535)

NURAZIMAH BINTI MANSOR (UK23672)

WAN NUR SYAKIRAH BINTI WAN YUSOFF (UK23723

CHROMIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT Mined as chromite (FeCr2O4) ore.

CARCINOGEN Agent that can cause any cancer. HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM,Cr(Vl) Chemical compunds that contain the chromium in +6 oxidation states. Form through natural processes and human activities. The main human activities that increase chromium(VI) concentrations are chemical,leather and textile manufacturing and electro painting It is used for the stainless steel, textiles dyes, wood preservation, anticorrosion and conversion coatings. Can cause cancer.

CHROMIUM

The Mojave Desert town of Hinkley, with population 1900.

The case was highligted in 2009 by California and U.S Environmental protection agency.

Scientist report that the highest levels of hexavalent chromium reported in U.S. ground water

The ground water has concentrations as high as 580 parts per billion which is more than California drinking water standard.

highest levels of hexavalent chromium reported in U.S. ground water.

A controversial of water treatment.

compound seeped into water there from a Pacific Gas and Electric facility (PG&E).

The company used it to inhibit rust in cooling towers and discharged it into holding ponds in the 1950s and 1960s.

People used the water as source of drinking.

Scientist tested the water to the animal like rat. It was proved.

It contracted malignant tumors in small intestines with different doses of hexavalent chromium.

The water cause people have lung cancer within 20 years later.

The water can cause cancer and other disease.

Hexavalent chromium

Chromium Carcinogenic found in majority of tap water in California

Unsafe hexavalent chromium levels were found in groundwater

Infiltrated the cells of many organ including liver & pancreatic lymph Mouth cancer Contract lung cancer stomach has a very high reducing capacity Contract malignant tumors in small intestine & mouth (rats & mice)

Cause of infiltrated cells in body

Contract lung cancer

support a drinking water standard is a different matter because extrapolating it to humans remains controversial. set a water guideline called A Public Health Goal. Convert chromium 6 turn it into Chromium 3, an essential nutrient that can neutralized the stomach by gastric acids. investing in a reverse osmosis filtration system for the home.

 establish a legal limit for the chemical in tab water. more stringent standards limiting the amount of hexavalent chromium allowable in water supplies. California and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency officials are re-evaluating what concentration is safe in water supplies. Within a few weeks, California is expected to announce a proposal to set a new health guideline.

THANK YOU