Presented by dr.

Faisal Muttaqien

12 February 08
 Questions
• What is osteoporosis ?
• What are the symptoms of
osteoporosis ?
• What are risk factors for developing
and causes of osteoporosis ?
• How is osteoporosis treated ?
DEFINITION
 WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS ?

• Osteoporosis is a disease in which

bones become fragile and more likely
to break (fracture).

“Osteo” is Latin for “bone”

“Porosis” means “porous or full of holes”
“Osteoporosis” means “bones that are full of
holes”
Osteoporosis leads to literally abnormally porous
bone that is more compressible like a sponge.

In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced

and bone microarchitecture is disrupted
Illustation of porous bone
 Healthy Bone Osteoporotic Bone

In osteoporosis, the bone microarchitecture

is disrupted
• Like other organs in the body, bone
tissue is constantly being broken down
and reformed again.

Resorption-removes
old bone

Formation-replaces old
bone with new bone
• This turnover is necessary for
growth, for repair of minor damage
that occurs from everyday stress,
and for the maintenance of a
properly functioning body.
From birth through adolescence, new bone
is built faster than old bone is removed
In mid-life, depending on lifestyle and other
factors, bone removal can achieve a balance
with bone formation
As part of the aging process (after age 35),
bones begin to break down faster than they
are formed.
In women, bone
loss accelerates
after
menopause,
when ovaries
stop producing
estrogen - the
hormone that
protects against
bone loss.
CHANGES IN BONE MASS

After menopause, bone removal

accelerates due to a decrease in estrogen
 SYMPTOMS
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOPOROSIS ?
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF
OSTEOPOROSIS ?
• “Silent Disease” - You may not know you
have the disease until a bone fractures

• Then the symptoms are related to the

location of the fractures. The spine, hips, and
wrists are common areas of bone fractures.

• The fractures can occur as a result of minor

trauma.
 Fracture of Spine
• Dowager hump
• Low back pain
• Lose of height

Normal Posture Dowager’s Hump

Fracture of Spine
Fracture of Hip
 RISK
FACTORS
WHAT ARE RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING

AND CAUSES OF OSTEOPOROSIS ?

RISK FACTORS - CAN’T CONTROL

Gender: Females are usually

diagnosed with osteoporosis at four
times the rate of males. Bone mass in
males is approximately 15-20% higher
than females
Small Boned & Thin: may result in
smaller bones with a lower bone
density
RISK FACTORS - CAN’T CONTROL

Race/Ethnicity: Women, especially

Caucasian and Asian women with thin
frames are at greater risk
African American women have a higher peak
bone mass (10%) than Caucasian women,
but other factors such as nutrition, exercise,
certain diseases, and medications may
increase their risk of osteoporosis
RISK FACTORS - CAN’T CONTROL

Heredity: your family history may put

you genetically at risk or may be a result
of family members sharing the same
environment, exercise, and nutritional
habits
Menopause or several months without
periods: bone loss begins to exceed
bone formation, due to a decrease of
estrogen
RISK FACTORS - CAN’T CONTROL

Age: In your 40’s you start to

lose bone faster than you
build new bone. The
accumulated loss of
bone puts an older
person at higher risk
RISK FACTORS – CAN CONTROL

Diet low in Calcium

Diet low in Vitamin D

RISK FACTORS – CAN CONTROL

Caffeine: Recommendation-
No more than 2-3 cups of
caffeine beverages per day

Cola, coffee and

chocolate all
contain caffeine
RISK FACTORS – CAN CONTROL
Alcohol: consuming more than
one alcoholic drink per day is
associated with risk of low bone
mass
Eating Disorders:
anorexia nervosa
can lead to
malnutrition and
bone loss
RISK FACTORS – CAN CONTROL

Smoking: causes
lower bone density

Immobility: extreme
lack of exercise can
lead to bone loss
 OTHER RISK FACTORS
Prolonged use of steroids - cause
increased bone breakdown and
decreased bone replacement

Prolonged hyperthyroidism – can

cause increased risk of bone loss
TREATMENT
How is Osteoporosis treated ?
 TREATMENT

• 1) Life style changes

• 2) Medications
 Treatment – Life Style Changes

• Exercise regularly
• Quit smoking
• Minimize alcohol
intake
• Minimize caffeine
intake
• Consume a
balanced diet with
adequate calcium
and vitamin D
Exercise
 VITAMIN D

CALCIUM •Vitamin D is
necessary for
VITAMIN
calcium to be
absorbed
 Treatment - Medications

• Medications that stop bone loss

• Medications that increase bone formation
• Hormon therapy (Menopausal hormon
therapy)
 CONCLUSION

• Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones

become fragile and more likely to break
(fracture).
• Osteoporosis is called “Silent Disease” -
You may not know you have the disease
until a bone fractures. The symtomps can
be stooped posture (hump), low back pain
and lose of height.
 CONCLUSION
• The risk factor of developing osteoporosis
are :
- Female gender
- Small bone and thin
- Race / ethnicity
- Family history of osteoporosis
- Menopause
- Old age
- Diet low in calsium and vitamin D
 CONCLUSION

- Alcohol abuse
- Cigarette smoking
- Excessive caffeine intake
- Immobility
- Hyperthyroidism
- Certain medications – prolonged use of
steroids
 CONCLUSION
• Treatment of osteoporosis are :
1) Life style changes :
- Exercise regularly
- Quit smoking
- Minimize alcohol and caffeine intake
- Balanced diet with adequate calcium
and vitamin D
2) Medications
- Medications that stop bone loss
- Medications that increase bone formation
- Hormon theraphy (menopausal hormon
therapy)
THE END

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