Laser

Laser Communication
Presented by, K.VENKATESWARLU (08N71A0579) CSE
Introduction
Laser communications systems are wireless connections through the atmosphere. Use Laser Beams to transmit information between two locations No fibres need, a wireless technology Communication over long distances, e.g. between planets Laser Communication Terminals (LCTs) transmit a laser beam and are capable of receiving laser beams
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Technical Seminar-II
How does it Work
Signal
Transmitter
Laser
Receiver
Signal
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Laser Transmitter and Receiver
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A one-way Laser communication system.
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Laser Transmitter
The transmitter involves:

Signal processing electronics(analog/digital) Laser modulator Laser( Visible, near visible wavelengths)
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Receiver
The receiver involves:

Telescope(antenna) Signal processor Detector

PIN diodes Avalanche Photo Diodes(APD) Single or multiple detectors
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Laser Diode
Laser Diodes include Photodiodes for feedback to insure consistent output
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Filters

Sun shade over detector Shade in front of lens Detector spectral response Colored filters

Absorb ~50% of available light Difficult to find exact frequency
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Security Aspects
Free space laser communications systems have narrow optical beam paths, which are not accessible unless viewing directly into the transmitter path. Any potential eavesdropping will result in an inter-ruption of the data transmission. The existence of laser beams cannot be detected with spectrum ana-lyzers.
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Safety Aspects
The free space laser communications systems do not require certification for handling or operation. Although the emitted laser beam is invisible to the unaided eye, it can cause eye damage if viewed directly at close range for extended periods of time
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Laser Communication System

Input: Digital data Direct or indirect modulation Source output passes through the optical system into the channel Optical system: transfer, beam shaping, telescope optics Receiver beam comes through optical system and passed to detectors and signal processing electronics
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Link parameters
Types of link:
Acquiston
Acquiston time,false alarm rate,probability of detection Amount of error induced in the signal circuitry Bit error rates
Tracking
Communications
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Transmitter Parameters
Laser characteristics, losses incurred in the transmit optical path, transmit antennae gain, transmit pointing losses. Laser characteristics

peak and average optical power pulse rate pulse width
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Channel Parameters
Consists of

Range, associated loss background spectral radiance spectral irradiance
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Receiver Parameters
The receiver parameters are the
Receiver antenna gain
proportional to the square of effective receiver diameter in meters and inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength. optical transmission loss for systems employing the direct detection techniques. the spectral width of the narrow band pass filter employed in optical inter satellite links
Receive optical path loss
Optical filter bandwidth
Receiver field of view

Technical Seminar-II 16
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Advantages of Laser Communication Technology
Higher data rates

Compared to RF technology LC provides much higher data rates Higher data rates are essential as more and more data is moved between diff. locations Key Driver for investments in Laser Communication Technology A focused laser beam is hard to intercept without notice Path to Quantum Cryptography
High security regarding interception

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Advantages of Laser Communication Technology
Less frequency restrictions
RF spectrum is crowed and heavily used Less weight and power per bit
Smaller aperture dimensions and thus reduced size and mass
Autonomous alignment agility resulting in less platform manoeuvres
Less fuel or more flexibility
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Applications for Laser Communication

Data Relay Services for UAVs UAV transmits its data to a GEO Stationary Satellite Data Relay Services for Satellites
LEO Satellite transmit their data to a GEO Satellite Data Exchange between GEO/LEO Satellites Scientific data is transmitted down to Earth, e.g. Mars -> EarthGEO
Inter-Satellite Links
Deep Space Data Transmissions
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Problem
Problem Limited information is available to Operation Centers Information not available when needed as transmission time is a bottle neck Real-time decision making not possible or only limited possible
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Conclusions
With the dramatic increase in the data handling requirements for satellite communication services, laser inter satellite links offer an attractive alternative to RF with virtually unlimited potential and an unregulated spectrum. The system and component technology necessary for successful inter satellite link exists today.
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Laser

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Laser

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Laser Communication

Presented by, K.VENKATESWARLU (08N71A0579) CSE

How does it Work

Laser Transmitter and Receiver

A one-way Laser communication system.

The transmitter involves:

The receiver involves:

Telescope(antenna) Signal processor Detector

PIN diodes Avalanche Photo Diodes(APD) Single or multiple detectors

Laser Diodes include Photodiodes for feedback to insure consistent output

Absorb ~50% of available light Difficult to find exact frequency

Laser Communication System

peak and average optical power pulse rate pulse width

Range, associated loss background spectral radiance spectral irradiance

The receiver parameters are the

Receiver antenna gain

Receive optical path loss

Optical filter bandwidth

Receiver field of view

Advantages of Laser Communication Technology

Higher data rates

High security regarding interception

Advantages of Laser Communication Technology

Less frequency restrictions

Smaller aperture dimensions and thus reduced size and mass

Autonomous alignment agility resulting in less platform manoeuvres

Less fuel or more flexibility

Applications for Laser Communication

Deep Space Data Transmissions

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