DENE 3353

APPLIED ELECTRONICS
CHAPTER 5
REGULATED POWER
SUPPLIES
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Outline
Introduction
Filter Voltage Regulation & Ripple
Capacitor Filter
RC Filter
Discrete Transistor Voltage Regulation
Integrated Circuit Regulator
2
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Power Supply Diagram
3
Fig. 15.1: Block Diagram Showing Parts of a Power Supply
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Filter Circuits
The output from the rectifier section is a
pulsating DC.

The filter circuit reduces the peak-to-peak
pulses to a small ripple voltage.

4
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Ripple Factor
After the filter circuit a small
amount of AC is still
remaining. The amount of
ripple voltage can be rated in
terms of ripple factor (r).
100
V
) V
voltage dc
(rms) voltage ripple
%r
dc
r(rms
= =
5
Fig. 15.2: Filter Voltage Waveform Showing
dc and Ripple Voltages.
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.1
Using a dc and ac voltmeter
to measure the output signal
from a filter circuit, we
obtain readings of 25V dc
and 1.5 V rms. Calculate the
ripple of the filter output
voltage.
100
V
) V
voltage dc
(rms) voltage ripple
%r
dc
r(rms
= =
6
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.2
A dc voltage supply provides 60V when the output is unloaded. When
connected to a load, the output drops to 56V. Calculate the value of voltage
regulation.
7
100
V
V - V
voltage load full
voltage load full - voltage load - no
%VR
FL
FL NL
= =
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Rectifier Ripple Factor
m dc
0.636V V =
% 48 100
0.636
0.308
100
V
V
%r
Vm
Vm
dc
r(rms)
= =
=
m r(rms)
0.308V V =
m dc
0.318V V =
m r(rms)
0.385V V =
121% 100
0.318V
0.385V
100
V
V
%r
m
m
dc
r(rms)
= =
=
8
Half-Wave
DC output:
AC ripple output:
Ripple factor:
Full-Wave
DC output:
AC ripple output:
Ripple factor:
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Types of Filter Circuits
Capacitor Filter
RC Filter

9
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Capacitor Filter
The larger the capacitor the
smaller the ripple voltage.
C R
2.4V
C
2.4I
fC 3 4
I
V
L
dc dc dc
r(rms)
= = =
Ripple voltage
C
4.17I
V
4fC
I
V V
dc
m
dc
m dc
= =
DC output
100
RLC
2.4
100
CV
2.4I
100
V
V
%r
dc
dc
dc
r(rms)
= = =
Ripple factor
10
Fig. 15.4: Capacitor Filter Operation
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.3
Calculate the ripple voltage of a full-wave rectifier with a 100F filter
capacitor connected to a load drawing 50mA.
11
C R
2.4V
C
2.4I
fC 3 4
I
V
L
dc dc dc
r(rms)
= = =
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.4
If the peak rectified voltage for the filter circuit of Example 15.3 is 30V,
calculate the filter dc voltage.
12
C
4.17I
V
4fC
I
V V
dc
m
dc
m dc
= =
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.5
Calculate the ripple voltage of a capacitor filter for a peak rectified voltage of
30V, capacitor C = 50F, and a load current of 50mA.
13
100
RLC
2.4
100
CV
2.4I
100
V
V
%r
dc
dc
dc
r(rms)
= = =
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Voltage Regulation Circuits
There are two common types of circuitry for voltage
regulation:

Discrete Transistors
ICs
14
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Discrete-Transistor Regulators
Series voltage regulator
Current-limiting circuit
Shunt voltage regulator
15
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Series Voltage Regulator Circuit
The series element controls the amount of the input voltage that gets to
the output.

If the output voltage increases (or decreases), the comparator circuit
provides a control signal to cause the series control element to decrease
(or increase) the amount of the output voltage.
16
Fig. 15.12: Series Regulator Block Diagram
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.8
Calculate the output voltage and the Zener current in the regulator circuit of
Fig. 15.14 for RL =1k.
17
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Series Voltage Regulator Circuit
When the output increases:

1. The voltage at V
2
and V
BE
of Q
2

increases
2. The conduction of Q
2
increases
3. The conduction of Q
1
decreases
4. The output voltage decreases
R
1
and R
2
act as the sampling circuit
Zener provides the reference voltage
Q
2
controls the base current to Q
1
Q
1
maintains the constant output
voltage
When the output decreases:

1. The voltage at V
2
and V
BE
of Q
2

decreases
2. The conduction of Q
2
decreases
3. The conduction of Q
1
increases
4. The output voltage increases
18
Fig. 15.15: Improved Series Regulator Circuit
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.9
What regulated output voltage is provided by the circuit of Fig. 15.15 for the
circuit elements R1=20k, R2 = 30k, and VZ = 8.3V?
19
) (
2
2
2 1
BE Z o
V V
R
R R
V +
+
=
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Series Voltage Regulator Circuit

The op-amp compares the
Zener diode voltage with
the output voltage (at R
1

and R
2
) and controls the
conduction of Q
1
.
20
Fig. 15.16: Op-amp Series Regulator Circuit
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.10
Calculate the regulated output voltage in the circuit of Fig. 15.17
21
Z o
V
R
R
V
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
2
1
1
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Current-Limiting Circuit
When I
L
increases:

The voltage across R
SC
increases
The increasing voltage across R
SC
drives Q
2
on
Conduction of Q
2
reduces current for Q
1
and the load
22
Fig. 15.18: Current-Limiting Voltage Regulator
Short-circuit /
overload
protection
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example (Floyd)
Determine the maximum current that the regulator in Figure 15.18 can
provide to a load.
23
Fig. 15.18: Current-Limiting Voltage Regulator
sc
L
R
I
7 . 0
(max)
=
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
The load voltage is sampled and fed back to a comparator circuit.
If the load voltage is too high, control circuitry shunts more
current away from the load.
Shunt Voltage Regulator Circuit
The shunt voltage regulator
shunts current away from
the load.
24
Fig. 15.20: Block Diagram of Shunt Voltage Regulator
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.11
Determine the regulated voltage and circuit currents for the shunt regulator
of Fig. 15.22
25
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
When the output voltage increases:

The Zener current increases
The conduction of Q
2
increases
The voltage drop at R
s
increases
The output voltage decreases
Shunt Voltage Regulator Circuit
When the output voltage decreases:

The Zener current decreases
The conduction of Q
2
decreases
The voltage drop at R
s
decreases
The output voltage increases
26
Fig. 15.24: Improved Shunt Voltage Regulator Circuit
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Shunt Voltage Regulator Circuit
27
Fig. 15.24: Shunt Voltage Regulator Using an Op-amp
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example of shunt regulator
28
Fig. 15.24: Shunt Voltage Regulator Using an Op-amp
In Figure 15.24, what power rating must Rs have if the maximum input
voltage is 12.5V?
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
IC Voltage Regulators
Regulator ICs contain:

Comparator circuit
Reference voltage
Control circuitry
Overload protection
Types of three-terminal IC voltage regulators

Fixed positive voltage regulator
Fixed negative voltage regulator
Adjustable voltage regulator
29
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators
The specifications for this IC indicate:

The range of input voltages that can be regulated for a specific range of
output voltage and load current
Load regulationvariation in output voltage with variations in load
current
Line regulationvariation in output voltage with variations in input
voltage
30
Fig. 15.25: Block Representation of Three-Terminal Voltage Regulator
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Fixed Positive Voltage Regulator
These ICs provide a fixed
positive output voltage.
31
Fig. 15.26: Connection of a
7812 Voltage Regulator
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
These ICs output a fixed negative output voltage.
Fixed Negative Voltage Regulator
32
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Quiz 4
Draw a schematic for voltage supply using a full-wave bridge rectifier,
capacitor filter, and IC regulator to provide an output of +5V
33
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.13
For a transformer output of 15V and a filter capacitor of 250F, calculate
the minimum input voltage when connected to a load drawing 400mA.
34
IC Part Output Voltage
(V)
Minimum Vi (V)
7805 +5 7.3
7806 +6 8.3
7808 +8 10.5
7810 +10 12.5
7812 +12 14.6
7815 +15 17.7
7818 +18 21.0
7824 +24 27.1
Table 15.1: Positive-voltage
regulators in the 7800 Series
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.14
Determine the maximum value of load current at which regulation is
maintained for the circuit of Fig. 15.29.
35
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Adjustable Voltage Regulator
These regulators have
adjustable output
voltages.

The output voltage is
commonly selected
using a potentiometer.
36
Fig. 15.30: Connection of LM317 adjustable-voltage regulator
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.15
Determine the regulated voltage in the circuit of Fig. 15.30 with R1 = 240
and R2 = 2.4k.
37
Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky
Example 15.16
Determine the regulated output voltage of the circuit in Fig. 15.31
38