Power Disturbance Classification Using

Wavelet- Based Classifier

EEE(Electrical &Electronic Eng)

Presented by

G.Santhosh
09915A0208

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

OUTLINE Objectives Introduction FFT analysis Wavelet transform Simulink diagram and waveforms Status Of Work

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

AIM OF THE PROJECT

This paper proposed a wavelet-based classifier for power quality disturbance recognition.

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

Intorduction
Power system is defined as a network of one or more generating units, loads and power transmission lines including the associated equipments connected to it. The stability of a power system is its ability to develop restoring forces equal to or greater than the disturbing forces to maintain the state of equilibrium. Power system stability problem gets more pronounced in case of interconnection of large power networks.

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

Power quality has became a significant issue to both costumer and utility companies since these equipment are very sensitive in relation to input voltage disturbance results in malfunction and damaging bringing huge losses . Most common power quality problem is the current harmonics which might damage and malfunction the sensitive equipment most severe one is voltage sag which produces equipment tripping and dropping out for industrial plant.

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

Power Quality Problems

1.Short term faults

2.Long term faults

Short term faults:- Long term faults:I. II. III. Voltage sag Voltage swell Voltage fluctuation

I. II. III. IV.

Voltage unbalance Harmonic distortion Long interruptions noise

IV. Voltage spike

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

WHAT IS TRANSFORM? Transform of a signal is just another form of representing the signal. It does not change the information content present.

WHY TRANSFORM?
Mathematical transform are applied to signal to obtain further information which is not present in raw signal

Three different transforms

FOURIER TRANSFORM SHORT TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM WAVELET TRANSFORM
3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

FOURIER TRANSFORM: Fourier Transform of a time domain signal gives frequency domain representation.

Fast Fourier Transform

The FFT is a highly efficient procedure for computing the DFT of a definite series and requires less number of computations then that of direct evaluation of DFT. We know that the Fourier transform of discrete transform x(k) is given by

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

LIMITATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM:

When we are in time domain Fourier transform will not give information regarding frequency and when we are in frequency domain it will not provide information regarding time.
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 100 150

Different in Time Domain

1 0.8 0.6 0.4

150

Magnit ude

100

Magnit ude

-0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1

-0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8

50

0.5

10

15

20

25

-1

0.5

Magnit ude
50 0 0 5 10

0.2

Magnit ude
0.2

15

20

25

Ti me

Frequen Same cy (Hz)

in Frequency me Domain

Ti

Frequen cy (Hz)

At what time the frequency components occur? FT can not tell!

3/13/2012

EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

Simulink diagram

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LG fault voltage waveforms

Phase-a
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Phase-b
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Phase-c
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Harmonic distortion

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Wavelet Introduction

Earlier digital relays have proven very useful and efficient

in power system steady state analysis. Fourier transforms etc. Due to the presence of non stationary signals the performance of these techniques are limited. Recent solution to this problem is WAVELET TRANSFORM which was introduced by F.JIANG.
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EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

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Wave

Demonstration of wave A wave is an oscillating function of time or space and is periodic Wavelet
A small wave Means the window function is of finite length

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Significance of wavelet transform

It has the capability of providing accurate transient information in both time and frequency domain. It has a special feature of variable time frequency localization which is very different from windowed Fourier transform. It is applied to decompose the current signal. The time and frequency domain features of transient signals are extracted the spectral energies of wavelet components are calculated and then employed to detect and classify the faults.

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EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

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Continuous wavelet transform

For a signal or function X(t) its continuous wavelet transform (CWT)IS

Where

a = scaling parameter b = translation parameter Zi = mother wavelet function

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discrete wavelet transform

For a signal or function X(k) its discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is

Where asterisk denotes a complex conjugate, the parameters a and b in Eq.( 1) are replaced by digitized parameters, also k and m are scale and time-shift parameters.

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EEE Dept: 'VJIT' Hyderabad

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Multi Resolution Analysis

Gives good time resolution and poor frequency resolution at high frequencies and good frequency resolution and poor time resolution at low frequencies This helps as most natural signals have low frequency content spread over long duration and high frequency content for short durations

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Implementation of DWT using filter banks.

SUB BAND CODING

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Ideal sine wave

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For 10% at sag

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For 90% at sag

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For HARMONICS

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CONCLUSION
Fourier transform provided information regarding frequency. So, wavelet transform is preferred over Fourier transform and short time Fourier transform since it provided multi resolution.
Since the time and frequency resolutions can be achieved together

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References:-

1.M. Brent Hughes, John S. Chan. and Don 0. Koval." Disuibution Customer Power Quality Experience," EEE Trans. on Industry Applications. Vol. 29. No. 6. NavembedDecember 1993, pp. 12041211. I. M. Brent Hughes, John S. Chan. and Don 0. Koval." Disuibution Customer Power Quality Experience," EEE Trans. on Industry Applications. Vol. 29. No. 6. NavembedDecember 1993, pp. 12041211. 2. Ench W. Gunther and Harshad Mehta, '' A Suvey of DistributionSystem Power Quality - Preliminary Results, IEEE Trans. an Power Delivery, Vol. IO, No.1, January 1995. pp. 322-329. 3. S. Santoso, E. J Powers, W. M Grady. P. Hofmnn, Power Quality Assessment via Wavelet Transform Analysis, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery Vol. I I. No. 2. Apr.1996, pp.924-930. 4. T.B. Littler, D.J. MOTTOW, Wavelrts for the Analysis and Compression of Power System Disturbances. IEEE Trans. an Power Delivery, Vol. 14. No. 2, April 1999, pp. 358-364. 5. 0. Poisson, P. Rioual and M. Meunier, New Signal Processing Tools Applied to Pawer Quality analysis. IEEE Trans. an Power Delivery, Vol. 14,No. 2,April 1999, pp. 561-566. 6. Heydt, P.S. Fjeld, C.C. Liu. D. Pierce. L. Tu, and G Hensley. Applications of the Windowed FFT to Electric Power Quality Assessment, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 14. No. 4, October 1999. pp. 1411-1416. 7. G. T. Heydt. A. W. Calli. Transient Power Quality Problem Analyzed Using Wavelets, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 2, April 1997

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THANK YOU
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