Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By
DR. CELIA M. REYES ANNE BERNADETTE E. MANDAP
Evaluation Theory, Approaches and Practices in the Philippines
November 7-8, 2011 Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria, Philippines
Outline of Presentation
Key Areas of Concerns Background on CBMS Central Issues in Poverty Reduction Existing Sources of Data National Surveys Community Based Monitoring System CBMS Methodology and Process Status of CBMS Implementation in the Philippines Current Applications of CBMS
Need to track the impacts of policies, programs and various shocks on the poor and the vulnerable Lack of necessary disaggregated data that can be used as inputs to policymaking and program implementation Need for a sustainable mechanism that would facilitate evidence-based decision making and impact-monitoring at each geopolitical level
The who, the where and the why of poverty: identification and targeting of the poor to enhance the effectiveness of anti-poverty initiatives and programs
2.
The what and when of anti-poverty programs: identification of interventions/ investments that have the highest impact on poverty
THE WHO, THE WHERE AND THE WHY OF POVERTY: Some Issues and Concerns
1.
Official statistics are reliable down to the regional and provincial levels only (i.e. the sampling design of many of these surveys provide estimates of the variables only at the provincial level.) The collection of data is few and far in between, and processing adds a few more years so that its usefulness for policy design diminishes. And yet, local government units, under the law, are the front-liners in the fight against poverty and are mandated to assume the primary responsibility for the provision of basic services and facilities and the improvement of the quality of life of their constituents.
2.
3.
Implementing Agency
NSO
Frequency of Collection
Every 3 years
Data Obtained
Family income and living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines including poverty incidence Socioeconomic profiles of families and other information relating to their living conditions but not poverty incidence Food situation and nutritional status of the population
NSO
FNRI
Every 5 years
Implementing Agency
NSO
Frequency of Collection
Every 10 years
Data Obtained
Size, composition and distribution of population in the Philippines Number of functionally literate population and their socioeconomic characteristics Demographic, maternal and child health issues in the Philippines
Functional Literacy, NSO Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) NSO
Irregular
Every 5 years
Implementing Agency
Frequency of Collection
Data Obtained
Local Government Units (LGUs) with technical support of DILG, NEDA, SRTC, and NGOs (CBMS Network, Social Watch, IDPG ad others)
3 years
Demographic statistics
Core set of poverty indicators (health and nutrition, education, income, employment shelter, water and sanitation, peace and order) MDGs indicators
Access to social protection programs/basic services LGU/community-specific indicators relating to migration, disability, womens well-being, natural calamities and disaster management among others Political/community participation
Decentralization creates new information demands that may be best satisfied with CBMS
Administrative Structure Information Availability
National
Provincial
National surveys
Municipal/City
CBMS
Village/Barangay
CBMS
Objectives To provide policymakers and program implementers with a regular source of necessary disaggregated data for : Determining the nature and extent of poverty Formulating appropriate policies and programs Identifying eligible beneficiaries Impact Monitoring Policies and Programs Policy Shocks
Involves a census of households and not a sample survey It is rooted in local government and promotes community participation It uses local personnel and community volunteers as monitors It has a core set of indicators (outcome and impact indicators) It establishes databanks at all geopolitical levels
CBMS Process
Advocacy / Organization
Step 1
(Training Module 1)
Step 2
(Training Module 2)
Step 3
Step 8
(Training Module 3)
Step 4
(Training Module 4)
Plan Formulation
Step 7
Step 6
Step 5
Methodology
Data Collection
CBMS
Household census done by trained local enumerators Instruments for Data Collection
12 page household profile questionnaire (available in English and Filipino) 6 page barangay profile questionnaire
Data Processing
Done by trained local data processors using a freeware customized for CBMS data encoding, processing, consolidation, and digitized poverty mapping.
Validation
Methodology
Establishment of Database
CBMS
Databases are established at the LGU level (province/municipal/city/bar angay level) A CBMS national repository is currently installed/maintained at NAPC, DILG-BLGD, and at the PEP Asia-CBMS Network Office at DLSU.
CBMS
Current Uses/Applications
Provides the necessary data for enriching the preparation of local development plans and budgets;
Facilitates monitoring of core local poverty indicators; A tool for localizing and monitoring the achievement of the MDGs; Provides basis for design and implementation of poverty reduction programs and interventions; Targeting of program beneficiaries; For hazard-risk and vulnerability mapping and assessment
CBMS
Applications for Targeting the Poor Diagnosis of Core Set Poverty Indicators across all barangays/municipalities/cities within a province
CBMS
Cost of Implementation Direct cost (P 70-P80/household) is shouldered by LGUs from their own development fund
Instruments for data collection, processing, poverty mapping, database building, and training materials and mentoring have already been developed and are provided to LGUs at no cost by the CBMS Network
Training and mentoring is also provided by a pool of accredited CBMS trainers from DILG, SRTC, and selected NGOs (e.g. Social Watch Philippines)
CBMS
Implementation/Coverage
First adopted by the Provincial Government of Palawan as a tool for planning in 1999.
As of September 30, 2011, CBMS is being adopted in 65 provinces (33 of which are province-wide) covering 767 municipalities, 50 cities and 20,503 barangays as a tool for local development planning, poverty diagnosis and monitoring the MDGs.
LMP Memorandum Circular 027-2006 enjoining all municipalities to adopt/sustain the adoption of CBMS as a tool for local poverty diagnosis and to institutionalize CBMS as part of the system of local governance
LPP GA-Resolution 2011-001 on adoption of CBMS and other locally developed poverty monitoring systems in identifying DSWD beneficiaries of Pantawid Program and Philhealth Indigent Sponsored Program
SDC Resolution No. 3-2006 NSCB Resolution No. 6-2005 DILG-Memorandum Circular 2004-152
Data can be disaggregated across population sub-groups, and by geopolitical levels (by barangay/village, municipality/city, province) CBMS, conducted on a regular basis, can generate panel data that can aid tracking of conditions of households/ groups of population over time.
CBMS is a rich source of data at the local level and can facilitate targeting by providing information on who are the eligible beneficiaries for specific programs. Sector-specific indicators can be used to identify who should receive the intervention. Composite indicators can be also used to rank the poorest households in the village or municipality. Poverty status of beneficiaries can be monitored overtime through CBMS
Poverty Maps
The Many Faces of Poverty, Volume 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Agusan del Norte Biliran Camarines Norte Eastern Samar Marinduque Romblon Siquijor
Poverty Maps
The Many Faces of Poverty, Volume 2
1.Agusan del Sur 2.Marinduque 3.Oriental Mindoro
4.Palawan
5.Dinagat Islands 6.Sarangani 7.Southern Leyte
Poverty Maps
The Many Faces of Poverty, Volume 3
1.Batanes 2.Batangas 3.Northern Samar
4.Occidental Mindoro
5.Surigao del Sur 6.Tarlac 7.Zamboanga del Sur
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Agusan del Norte Agusan del Sur Biliran Camarines Norte Eastern Samar Marinduque Romblon Siquijor Sarangani
CBMS 2005
INDICATORS
Total
1. Proportion of children 0 4 yrs old who died 2.Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy related causes 30, 119 4, 288 Magnitude 139 3
Proportion
0.5 0.1
30, 119
46, 484 46, 484 46, 484 46, 484 40, 656 21, 288 46, 484 46, 484 46, 484 67, 753 46, 484
2, 236
1, 068 1, 854 6, 703 12, 009 32, 480 14, 744 28, 699 21, 571 1, 882 8, 525 *325
7.4
2.3 4.0 14.4 25.8 80.0 69.3 61.7 46.4 4.1 12.6 0.2
Total Households
Magnitude Proportion
Boac Buenavista Gasan Mogpog Sta. Cruz Torrijos Marinduque = Highest = Lowest
Map of Buenavista showing HHs with no access to sanitary toilet CBMS Data 2005
Buenavista
CBMS Database
Provides inputs to Local Chief Executives with CBMS data used for planning and targeting purposes Example: List of malnourished children
Confidenti al info
Magnitude 60 59 52 59 48 278
Exclusion Rate Piglawigan Leakage Rate Exclusion Rate TOTAL Leakage Rate Exclusion Rate
40.8
26.4 33.1 44.6 35.6
Note: Identification of poor is based on their PMT scores using 0.7 as the cut-off Source: Authors calculations
1 2 3 4 5 Total
Only a little over one-fifth of households were able to access the Philhealth Program
Based on Income
All Sites Rural Urban NCR Urban AONCR Based on PMT All Sites Rural Urban NCR Urban AONCR
Source: Authors calculations
4
5 Total
Source: CBMS Survey 2009
269
143 2,078
27.2
14.8 41.9
Not all HHs in the lowest income quintile were able to access the
program Even households at the highest income quintile accessed the program
The highest leakage rate is recorded for urban NCR (87.8%) while the highest exclusion rate is reported for urban areas outside NCR (45.8%)
Proportion of households without access to safe water supply in Eastern Samar, by barangay
Proportion of households who are poor without access to Philhealth, by Municipality, Province of Eastern Samar, 2005-2006
Proportion of households who are poor without access to Philhealth, by Barangay, Municipality of Balangiga, Eastern Samar, 2005
Location of Households by Poverty Status and Access to Philhealth, Brgy. Poblacion 5, Balangiga, Eastern Samar, 2005
Brgy Pob 2 Brgy Pob 3 Purok 2 5.3 Purok 1 17.2
Brgy
Zone 19
179
185 178 182 180
157
160 184 107 96
15
17 26 20 18
9.6
10.6 14.1 18.7 18.8 79% of households with income below the poverty threshold are not covered by the Philhealth Program.
Source: CBMS Survey 2005, City of Pasay
184
186 181
318
123 104
90
40 35
28.3
32.5 33.7
Proportion of Income-Poor Households with Access to Philhealth Program Zone 19 (Bgys. 178-186), Pasay City
Households with children 12-15 years who are not in secondary school, Barangay 179, Pasay City
123 out of 326 children 12-15 years old are not attending secondary school
MARIPIPI 71.5
KAWAYAN 81.3 ALMERIA 56.7 NAVAL 55.4 CAIBIRAN 70.5 BILIRAN 64.4 CABUCGAYAN 61.4 CULABA 76.2
Palawan
Eastern Samar
Before Intervention: Household without access to safe Water, Brgy. Agas, Tabaco City 2008
After Intervention (PODER Project):Household without access to safe water, Brgy. Agas, Tabaco City 2009
CBMS can aid program/project monitoring since it provides the necessary disaggregated data on access to programs CBMS, can generate panel data that can aid tracking of conditions of households/ groups of population (e.g. beneficiaries of programs) over time. CBMS provides baseline data that can be used for evaluation of appropriate interventions Since CBMS is being conducted on a regular basis by LGUs, it can facilitate monitoring of both short term and long term impacts of projects and programs.
Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies De La Salle University 10th Floor, Angelo King International Center Estrada corner Arellano Sts., Malate, Manila, Philippines Telefax: (632)5262067 Email: cbms@benilde.edu.ph cbms.network@gmail.com Website: www.pep-net.org