*

Blend H. M. Balisany

*Sterilization
* To completely remove all kinds of microbes
(bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, & fungi) by physical or chemical methods

* Effective to kill bacterium spores * Sterilant: material or method used to remove or

kill all microbes

*Disinfection

* To reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms to

the point where they no longer cause diseases * Usually involves the removal of vegetative or nonendospore forming pathogens * May use physical or chemical methods

* Disinfectant * Antiseptic * Degerming * Sanitization

STERILIZATION
Methods of Sterilization

Steps followed in dental offices for achievement of sterilization are: 1. Cleaning:

2.

* Manual Cleaning. * Automated Cleaning

Corrosion Control:

3.

* Dry instruments * Application of rust inhibitors

Packaging:

* For protection against contamination after sterilization.

* 4. Sterilization:

Heat: Heat sterilization is most commonly used in dental settings; however, steam and chemical vapor sterilization units are also used. * High temperature methods include steam, dry heat and unsaturated chemical vapor. * While low temperature automated sterilization involves ethylene oxide (ETO) and plasma sterilization.

* Of these methods the AUTOCLAVES is the most

preferred method in a dental setup.

* Autoclave is a self locking setup based on the

efficacy of steam under pressure of 121 degree Celsius for 15 minutes and 15 pounds pressure.
for unwrapped instruments using 132 degrees Celsius at 30 pounds pressure for 4 -7 minutes.

* Another method is that of "Flash Sterilization"

* Hot air ovens are electrical devices used in

sterilization. It uses dry heat to sterilize articles. safer to work with.

* No much pressure build up within the oven, * As they use dry heat instead of moist heat,
some organisms like prions, may not be killed by them every time.

* The standard settings for a hot air oven are:

* 1.5 to 2 hours at 160C (320 OF) * 6to 12 minutes at 190C (374 OF)

* Liquid Sterilants used for "cold sterilization" * If the critical or semi critical item is heat

are intended only for the reprocessing of heatsensitive instruments and devices. sensitive, it should be immersed in a liquid sterilants.

* Transparent objects to visible light absorb UV. * UV irradiation is routinely used to sterilize the
interiors of biological safety cabinets between uses, but is ineffective in shaded areas, including areas under dirt. polystyrene foam if exposed for prolonged periods of time.

* It also damages some plastics, such as

5. Storage & Shelf Life Packs and containers with sterile items should be stored 20-25 cm off the floor, 45-50 cm from the ceiling and 15-20 cm from an outside wall. 6. Monitoring Sterilization Procedures Sterilization procedures can be monitored routinely using a combination of biological, chemical and mechanical indicators as parameters.

Methods of Disinfection

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