SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

A Basic Study on Control Strategy Of Hybrid Powered Railway Vehicles Wwith EDLC

Content of the presentation

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Introduction EDLC History Techonology advanteges TRACTION SYSTEM OF HYBRID RAIL VEHICLE a) Energy storages devices b) Main circuit configuration 6) Verification by numerical simulation a) vehicle configuration for the simulations for the simulation b) simulation result 7) Conclusions

Introduction
1. Diesel engine powered railway vehicle, such as diesel locomotives or diesel motive units, are used in non-electrified railways all over the world. 2. The diesel engines have drawbacks of emission of CO2, NOx, SOx, noise and vibration. In addition, it is more inefficient than electrical traction vehicles, because they can principally not apply regenerative brake to reuse a part of the kinetic energy of running vehicles. 3. To cope with the problems with diesel engines, practical strategy to control EDLC voltage has not been introduced for hybrid railway vehicle. 4. we first discuss the required capacity of EDLCs considering with the size and mass. Then, we propose a simple strategy to manage the capacitor energy by changing the diesel engines output power according to EDLC voltage.

EDLC Electric double-layer capacitors also known as supercapacitors, electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs),or ultracapacitors, are electrochemical capacitors that have an unusually high energy density when compared to common capacitors, typically on the order of thousands of times greater than a high capacity electrolytic capacitor.

For instance, a typical D-cell sized electrolytic capacitor will have a capacitance in the range of tens of millifarads. The same size electric double-layer capacitor would have a capacitance of several farads, an improvement of about two or three orders of magnitude in capacitance, but usually at a lower working voltage.

History

The electric double-layer capacitor effect was first noticed in 1957 by General Electric en experimenting with devices using porous carbon electrode.

It was believed that the energy was stored in the carbon pores and it exhibited "exceptio capacitance", although the mechanism was unknown at that time.

General Electric did not immediately follow up on this work, and the modern version of th eventually developed by researchers at Standard Oil of Ohio in 1966,after they acciden the effect while working on experimental fuel cell designs.

Technology advantages
Due to the capacitor's high number of charge discharge cycles (millions or more compared to 2001000 for most commercially available rechargeable batteries) there are no disposable parts during the whole operating life of the device, which makes the device environmentally friendly. Batteries wear out on the order of a few years, and their highly reactive chemical electrolytes present a serious disposal and safety hazard. This can be improved by only charging under favorable conditions, at an ideal rate, and, for some chemistries, as infrequently as possible. Electric double-layer capacitors can help in this regard, acting as a charge conditioner, storing energy from other sources for load balancing purposes and then using any excess energy to charge the batteries only at opportune times. Other advantages of electric double-layer capacitors compared with rechargeable batteries are extremely low internal resistance or ESR, high efficiency (up to 97-98%), high output power, extremely low heating levels, and improved safety. According to ITS (Institute of Transportation Studies, Davis, CA) test results, the specific power of electric double-layer capacitors can exceed 6 kW/kg at 95% efficiency
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TRACTION SYSTEM OF HYBRID RAIL VEHICLE

A. Energy storage devices EDLC is one of the candidates of energy storage devices same as Li-ion batteries that is the key technology for hybrid railway vehicles.

EDLCs have advantages such as higher power density, longer life cycle and easy measurements of the state of charge (SOC) by measuring the voltage. We rely on these benefits on EDLC for the application for diesel hybrid railway vehicle.

B. Main circuit configuration

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of hybrid traction system with EDLCs. EDLCs aim at peak power assist, regenerativeenergy saving and equalize the output of diesel engine generator.

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III. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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IV. VERIFICATION BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

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B. Simulation Results

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V. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel and simple control method of the EDLC voltage to manage onboard traction energy for the diesel engine and EDLC hybrid powered railway vehicle. We have revealed that the proposed method can manage the capacitor accumulated energy and cut the peak power of diesel engine on board through the numerical simulation. These results will contribute to design the actual EDLC and diesel engine hybrid system.

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