UNIT 1

SENTENCE ELEMENTS
OBJECTIVE:

1. To identify the forms of the

sentence elements 2. To understand the parts of speech

SENTENCE ELEMENTS
SUBJECT PREDICATE

A sentence makes a complete statement or asks a questions. It contains a subject and a predicate. Together, the subject and predicate are called a clausa. A phrase is a simply a group of two or more words. It is not a complete thought.

Here are a few examples:

Maria likes her job.
Subject Predicate Clause Subject Phrase Clause Predicate Phrase

The girl in red dress is working.

The girl who is working likes her job.

Subject Clause Predicate

Clause

THE PARTS OF SPEECH

Nouns Verbs Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Adjectives Articles Conjunctions

1. NOUN
Nouns name people, places, things, ideas, or actions. The function of noun are able to be the subjects and/or the objects of sentences. For examples: 1. The cat was sleeping. 2. The cat eat the mouse . 3. Mr Smith gave John an accounting book. 4. Many people know about Mr Soekarno.

2. VERBS

The verb begins the statement or predicate about the subject. A verb > says what the subject does or is. >usually follows the subject. >may contain more than one word. >usually has a tense. >changes form to agree with subject and tense. Example: 1. Juan knows the answer. 2. Natasha graduated. 3. I will go to the store.

3. ADVERB
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Many adjectives become adverbs by adding ly. Examples: 1. I got up early. 2. He speak English fluently. 3. I slept downstairs. 4. Her habbit is really good. 5. You did the examination very well.

4. PRONOUN
It replaces a noun and functions in the same way a noun does. Threfore, it can be a subject, an object, or a possesive word. The pronoun often refers back to an antecedent, a word or phrase that came earlier.
Personal Subject I You He She It We They One Object me you him her it us them one my... your... his... her... its... our... their... ones... Possessive Adjective Pronoun mine yours his hers --ours theirs ---myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves themselves oneself Reflexibve

5 PREPOSITION
It is followed by an object and indicates the position of the sibject in space or time. The preposition and its object form a prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases function either as adjectives or adverbs Examples: 1. I met the man from Thailand. 2. The meeting in January will be canceled. 3. I saw an accident in front of my house. 4. On July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independent was signed.

6. ADJECTIVES
It modifies a noun or pronoun. Adjectives normally appear before the noun they modify, but in sentences with linking verbs they come after the verb. Examples: 1. He has a big car. 2. Ther are eight cars in parking lot. 3. A shoe store is very crowded. 4. I need another two books to read. 5. A chicken soup is interesting book.

7. ARTICLES
The three articles (the, a, and an) are adjectives that

determine whether a noun is general or specific. The is called a definite article because it indicates that a noun is specific. A and an are called indefinite articles because they indicate that a noun is not specific Examples: - the book - a book - the egg - an egg - the university - a university - the hours - an hour

8. CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction joins one thing with another. There are two types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions (words that join gramatically equal structures) and subordinating conjunctions (words that join gramatically un-equal structures) Examples: - Juan and I always help each other. - We like smiling and laughing together. - Because of rain, I slipt and fell down. - I arrived early, but my friend was very late. - I will buy a new car if I have a lot of money.