Teachers Diploma - Primary Year 1

Content: Classification of Living Organisms

Objectives:
(1) List the Linnaeuss System of Classification in order. (2) List the 5 types of Kingdom and outline a brief description of each. (3) Understand that animals are vertebrates and invertebrates. (4) Describe briefly the vertebrates such as mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds. (5) List some invertebrates. (6) Understand that the plant kingdom is made of spore bearing plants and seed bearing plants. (7) Describe briefly spore bearing plants and seed bearing plants by providing suitable examples.

Importance of classification
Classification provides scientists and students a way to sort and group organisms for easier study. * There are millions of organisms on the earth! (approximately 1.5 million have been already named)
Organisms are classified by their: * physical structure (how they look) * evolutionary relationships * embryonic similarities (embryos) * genetic similarities (DNA) * biochemical similarities

Scientists who classify living things are called taxonomists. It is their job to look at every kind of living thing and determine how they are similar and how they are different to other living things.

To remember in its order of classification

Kings

Play
Cards

On
Fat

Green
Stools

Kingdom very large group of lifeforms

Animals
Many-celled Most can move Get energy by consuming other organisms Examples: invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals

Plants
Many-celled Cannot move Use energy from the sun to make sugars Examples: trees, flowers, ferns

Prokaryotes
One celled No separate nucleus Example: bacteria

Protists
Most one celled Have nucleus and other cell structures Examples: algae, amoeba

Fungi
Many celled Cannot move Absorb nutrients from other organisms Examples: mushrooms, yeast, molds

Phylum
Scientists have developed to further classify living things is the Phylum (plural: phyla). Lifeforms are grouped together based once again on how they are similar and how they are different. Let's look at a phyla found in the Animal Kingdom. Everything in the Animal Kingdom is similar to each other in important ways. One important way that animals are different is whether or not they have a backbone. Animals with a backbone belong to the Chordata Phylum. It is important for you to know that some members of this phylum do not have a backbone. However, they do have a strengthening rod similar to a backbone.

Class
In the Animal Kingdom and under the chordata phylum, there are five classes. These are mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Both a monkey and a lizard belong to the Animal Kingdom, and both also belong to the Chordata Phylum. However, a monkey belongs to the Mammal Class, while a lizard belongs to the Reptile Class.

Taking example of a bear

Now all mammals (Class) have hair, are able to regulate their body temperature, and females can produce milk. BUT Not all members of Carnivora (Order) eat meat (pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo), but all have well-developed teeth for shredding foods. In general, these animals have strong limbs and claws and acute senses BUT Members of the bear family (Family) have five toes on each foot and some can walk upright for short distances. Bears are intelligent animals with a great sense of smell

Then genus and species relate to more specific information of the living organism.

Animals

Vertebrates
Mammals
Fish Reptiles

Invertebrates
Cnidarians
Flatworms

True worms
Molluscs Echinoderms

Amphibians Birds

Arthropods

Mammals

Vertebrates

Have body hair or fur Have mammary glands that produce milk Warm blooded

Fish Vertebrates Live in water Breathe with gills Streamlined bodies Have cartilage or bony skeleton Cold blooded Mostly lay eggs

Reptiles

Vertebrates

Have dry, scaly skins Egg laying Breathe with lungs Cold blooded

Amphibians

Vertebrates Moist skin Lay their eggs in water Larvae have gills and live in water Adults have lungs and live on land Cold blooded

Birds

Vertebrates Have feathers and wings Lay eggs with hard shells Breathe with lungs Warm blooded

Animals

Vertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Cnidarians

Hollow bodied Mouth is the only body opening and is surrounded by tentacles Uses sting cells to paralyse prey

Invertebrates

Flatworms

Flat thin bodies Digestive system has only one opening Animals are both male and females Mostly parasites

Invertebrates

True Worms

Rounded bodied Bodies made of segments

Invertebrates

Molluscs

Not segmented Body in three continuous parts with head, body and foot Have one or two shells

Invertebrates

Echinoderms

Spiny skinned Body in five parts Central mouth with respiratory gills

Invertebrates Arthropods Hard exo-sekeleton on outside of body Has eyes and mouth Body divided into more than one segment

Crustaceans

Arachnids

Insects

Centipedes & Millipedes

Non-Flowering Plants

Spore Bearing Plants

Algae, mosses, ferns and their genus all reproduce by means of spores. These are minute and are formed inside the sporangia that look like fine powder. Each spore contains a small quantity of vital genetic matter in a compact sheathe.

Seed Bearing Plants Plants that reproduce by means of seeds belong to this type of plants. Conifers or gymnosperms and flowering plants or angiosperms reproduce by seeds. Each seed contains an embryo and a food supply. This is enclosed by a seed covering. A germinating seed is nourished by the food treasury until it can start to make its own.

Human
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Primates Suborder: Anthropoidea Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens

That is why we said that human are Homo Sapiens