OMF010003 Power Control ISSUE1.5

Power Control
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Power Control Overview 2. HWPower Control 3. HWPower Control
Page2
Power Control Overview
Power control
Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed. Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
Purpose
Save the power of BTS and MS Reduce the interference of the network Increase the quality of the network
Page3
Power control includes uplink power control and downlink power control, Which are performed independently
Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive

stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption of MS
Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption of BTS
Page4
Process of power control commands
It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from command sending to execution.
BTS sends the command for power control and TA in SACCH header.
SACCCH report period: 26X4=104 frames (480ms)
BTS receives the measurement report
SA0
SA1 SA2 SA3
SA0 SA1
MS adopts the new power level and TA
SA2 SA3 SA0
SA1 SA2 SA3

MS begins to send the measurement report of the last multi-frame.
In the 26 multi-frames, frame 12 sends SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH block
MS begins to set up a new SACCH header to report the new TA and power control message.
Page5
Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control
Measurement report preprocessing
Power control algorithm selection
GSM0508 power control algorithm
HW I power control algorithm
HW II power control algorithm
Page6
Power control judgment and the selection of HWI algorithm or HWII algorithm
Power control algorithm selected in power control data table

Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement report preprocessing item which can be selected in handover control data table
MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch

decide where power control be processed. If measurement report pre-processing is yes, power control is processed in BTS, and when setting it no, power control is processed in BSC
Page7
Contents
Page8
HW I Power Control
HW I power control
Process of HW I power control MR pre-processing Data configuration for HW I power control Comparison of uplink power control with downlink power control
Page9
HW I Power Control
Process of HW I power control
Measurement report pre-processing
Aim achieved
N
Power control calculation and adjustment
Page10
HW I Power Control
Original data of power control -- measurement report
Uplink MR
BTS
Network
Downlink measurement report
Page11
HW I Power Control
Measurement report
Uplink measurement report
Downlink measurement report
Page12
HW I Power Control
Measurement report pre-processing -- interpolation
Each measurement report has a serial number. When the serial numbers are discontinuous, this indicates that some measurement reports must be missed. In this case, the network will fill up the measurement report according to interpolation algorithm.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Measurement report serial number n
Measurement report serial number n+4
3 missing measurement reports

Page13
HW I Power Control
Measurement report pre-processing -- filtering
Calculate average results of several consecutive measurement reports to obtain the current information, reduce the influence of some abnormal measurement reports for the judgment of power control.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR
MR
MR MR
MR
Filter
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14
HW I Power Control
HW I power control judgment (Stable adjustment stage)
Transmitting power adjustment = (expected stable uplink or downlink RXLEV actual uplink or downlink RXLEV) * uplink or downlink RXLEV compensation factor + (actual uplink or downlink RXQUAL - expected uplink or
downlink RXQUAL)*10* uplink or downlink quality

compensation factor
The final adjustment power level should not exceed the maximum power control step size
Final stable level = current level + transmitting power adjustment
Page15
HW I Power Control
HW I power control judgment (Initial adjustment stage)
Transmitting power adjustment = (actual initial RXLEV expected initial RXLEV) * uplink RXLEV compensation factor
Final transmitting power = initial RXLEV transmitting power adjustment
If the RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV, power control will not occur within initial adjustment stage
Page16
HW I Power Control Configuration
HW I power control data configuration and parameter introduction
[BTS power control table]

Parameter name DL RX_LEV Expected DL RX_LEV Compensati on DL Qual. Expected DL Qual.Comp ensation MAX PC Step Meaning The expected signal level of MS in stable status, Expected stable downlink signal level > downlink edge HO threshold (-110 dBm -47 dBm) Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused. The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The adjustment value caused by power level equal to the difference 0100 between the expected signal level and the actual receiving signal level multiply this factor. 07 Expected signal quality of MS in stable status. Levels The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to 0100 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the actual receiving signal quality level multiply this factor. Levels Maximum adjustment range in one BTS power control 0~16, command 2dB each step Value range 063 Recommended value 35 80
(signal ex-signal rx)*80%=adjustme nt value
1 20 [10*(quality RX-quality EX)*20%] 8
Page17

[BTS power control table]
Parameter name BTS PC Period Filter length for DL RX_LEV Meaning Time interval for implementing two power control commands (unit count of SACCH period) Content: indicating the number of measurement reports in which the average of uplink signal strength is taken before MS power adjustment at stable stage. The purpose is to remove the influence of some abnormal reports. When the filter length is too long, the influence due to abnormal reports will be weakened, but the MS power adjustment is not timely. Indicating the minimum transmitting power allowed by the base station. No matter what the original base station power is, how many levels it can be down-tuned, the transmitting power of the base station cannot be lower than this value. Indicating the maximum level the base station dynamic power can be adjusted Value range 110 Recommended value 5
132
BTS Min Tx power PC Adj. Range
0~36dBm 1~16, corresponding to 0~30dB
16
Page18

[MS power control data table]
Parameter name Initial RX_LEV expected Stable EX_LEV Expected UL RX_LEV compensati on Meaning Value range Recommended value 30
The expected BTS receiving signal level in the initial stage 0~63 when MS access the network. (-110 dBm -47 dBm) The expected BTS receiving signal level in stable status. 0~63 Expected stable signal level > uplink margin HO threshold (-110 dBm -47 dBm) (HO parameter). Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused. Give an adjustment for the power control level value, the actual power level value MS should change is the result of 0~100 this parameter multiply the difference between the expected uplink signal level and the actual BTS receiving signal level. The expected BTS receiving signal quality in stable status.
30
80
UL Qual. Expected UL Qual. The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The compensat adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to ion 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the actual receiving signal quality level times this factor. Max PC The maximum level of MS power that can be dynamically step adjusted.
0100 Level 1~16, 2dB/level.
20
Page19

[MS power control table]
Parameter name Meaning Value range 0~30 Value recommen ded 5
PC interval Filter length for Initial RX_LEV Filter length for stable RX_LEV
Time interval between the implementations of two power control algorithms; unit: SACCH period This is the number of measurement reports required for predicting the signal strength at the initial stage. Unit: Measurement reports This is the number of measurement reports required for predicting the signal strength at the stable power control stage. Unit: Measurement reports This is the number of the measurement reports required for assessing signal quality at the stable stage. Unit: Number of measurement reports
1~32
1-31
Filter length for Qual.
1~30
Page20
HW I Power Control
Power control will not occur in case of these four conditions
Both level and quality equal to the setting values (HW I power control), or level and quality are within threshold band(HW II power control)
Adjusting range for MS less than error tolerance Adjusting range less than minimum power control step of BTS The RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV within initial adjustment stage
Page21
HW I Power Control
HW I power control judgment
Before judging the signal level to be adjusted, query the error
tolerance table according to the current transmitting power level.

Adjustment will not be done if the power adjustment value is less than the error tolerance value.
Error tolerance table for 900M and 1800M is as follows:

0 1
2 2
1800M:
Level
Error tolerance
900M:
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
10
3
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
4
15
4
16
4
17
2
18
2
19
2
Level Error tolerance
0 1 2 2
2 3 2 4
4 4
5 4
6 4
7 4
8 4
9 4
10 4
11 4
12 4
13 4
14 4
15 4
16 6
17 6
18 6
19 6
Page22
HW I Power Control
Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
Similarity:
1. To avoid frequently changes of signal level, the PC interval time between the two consecutive uplink and downlink power control are limited.
2. To reduce the influence caused by abnormal reports, all measurement reports should be filtered.
3. Both uplink and downlink power controls include level-specific and quality-specific power controls.
4. Both uplink and downlink power controls have maximum power control step size limit and compensating factor.
Page23
HW I Power Control
Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
Differentia:
1. Including power control for the stable stage, MS also has power control when MS access the network, thus to reduce transmitting power of MS as soon as possible.
2. For uplink, precautions are ready for increase MS transmitting power in case HO fails.
3. For downlink, there are maximum and minimum transmitting power limits in power control data configuration.
4. MS has the error tolerance table.
Page24
HW I Power Control
HW I power control exercise
Given conditions:
900M MS transmitting at the maximum power, uplink receiving level of the 900M BTS is 60dBm, uplink quality level is always 0.
Parameter configuration in [BTS power/MS power control table] is
as follows stable RX_LEV Expected is 35, UL RX_LEV

Compensation is 80, UL Qual. expected is 1, and UL Qual. compensation is 20, and the max. PC step is 16dB.
Page25
Exercise
Question:
1. Suppose that power control will no longer be done once the power value to be adjusted is less than 2dB, what is the approximate stable power value after power control with the above
data configuration?
2. According to the error tolerance list, suppose the initial MS transmitting power is level 3, what is the maximum uplink receiving level in stable status after power control?
Page26
Exercise
Answers for question 1:
Stable level = current actual level + [(expected signal intensity in stable

status current actual level) * uplink path loss compensating factor] + [actual current quality expected uplink signal quality) * 10 * uplink quality compensating factor] = -60+[(-75-(-60))*80]+[(0-1)*10*20] = -60-12-2
-74dBm. Now its necessary to adjust -14dB (no larger than the
maximum power control step size), but it needs further adjustment because it fails to reach -75dBm, the expected signal level in stable status. Use -74 in the above formula again for calculation, and the power to be adjusted is -2.8dB. Because no power control adjustment will be
done when the power value to be adjusted is smaller than -2, it still needs
to be changed 2dB lower, so the uplink receiving level is -76dBm at last.
Page27
Exercise
Answers for question 2:
Query the error tolerance table, the tolerance of level 3 is 4dB, the power to be adjusted for the second time is 2.8, which is less than 4 and up to the requirement, so the final uplink receiving level is 74dBm in stable status.
Page28
Contents
Page29
HW II Power Control
Power control judgment process

Measurement report preprocessing The power control demand according to the receiving level The power control demand according to receiving quality
General power control judgement
Send the power control command
Page30
HW II Power Control
Measurement report compensation
Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement report before filtering. Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement report compensation queue.
2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report.
3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will compensate the receiving level of the history measurement report according to the power change information. The compensated measurement reports will be the original data in the filter process. 4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
Page31
HW II Power Control
Measurement report compensation

Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation
70 60 50 Y axis 40 30
Power control diagram when there is no measurement report compensation
Diagram when there is no power control

Power control diagram when there is measurement report compensation
20
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 X axis 0
The expected receiving signal level: 30 The power control will be more effective with measurement report compensation.
Page32
HW II Power Control
Measurement report prediction
Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
Implementation procedure
1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement
reports after interpolation.
2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports prediction, which are configured on OMC.
3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted

measurement reports, and implement power control judgment.
Page33
HW II Power Control
Measurement report prediction

Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
50 45 40 Y axis 35 30 25 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 X axis 15
No power control
Mean filter power control
Prediction filter power control
The expected receiving signal level: 30

The power control with prediction filter will be more effective than that with mean filter
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34
HW II Power Control Implementation
Power control demand based on receiving level.
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module makes a comparison between the expected signal level and the current receiving signal level.
Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted,
making the receiving level value closer to the expected value.
Adopt variable step size when adjusting the transmitting power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the expected level as soon as possible.
Page35
Power control demand based on receiving quality
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module makes comparison between the expected quality level and the current receiving quality level.
Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be adjusted. Increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving quality. Decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving quality. Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power according to the receiving quality.
Page36
General power control judgment
Power control by receiving level AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev No action No action No action
Power control by receiving quality AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action AdjStep_Qul AdjStep_Qul No action
Power control by signal level and quality max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) No action AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_Lev max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul) AdjStep_Lev AdjStep_A AdjStep_B No action
Page37
HW II Power Control Feature
Adaptive power control:
Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control strategy according to the communication environment, it makes power control more effective and stable.
Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power control according to different communication environment (different receiving quality).
Adopt different power control strategies according to different communication environments (different receiving quality and level).
Max. step is different between increase and decrease.
Page38
HW II Power Control Feature
Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
As for HW II power control in case of calculating power control step size according to signal level and quality, the signal level and quality have upper/lower thresholds. Power control will not execute if the signal level and quality is within
the threshold bands.
Avoid the signal level up-and-down caused by power control. The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of
bad quality.
Page39
HW II Power Control Advantages
Measurement report compensation -- makes power control judgment more accurate
Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
Power control expected signal level and quality threshold falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level fluctuate up and down frequently
Page40
HW II Power Control Configuration

[HW II power control table] main parameters 1
Parameter name filter length for UL RX_LEV filter length for DL RX_LEV filter length for UL Qual. Meaning How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average uplink signal level to be used for uplink power control adjustment. Value range 1~20 Recommended value 6
How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average downlink signal level to be used for downlink power control adjustment. How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average uplink quality level to be used for uplink power control adjustment. How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average filter length downlink quality level to be used for downlink power control for DL Qual. adjustment. If yes, System put the currently received measurement report into the measurement report compensation queue, and record the MR transmitting power information according to MS and BTS power compensation values. And then interpolation, compensate the receiving level allowed value of the record measurement report according to the power change information. UL MR The number of uplink pred. MR in the filter using for power control number judgment. predicted DL MR The number of downlink pred. MR in the filter using for power number control judgment. predicted
1~20 1~20 1~20
6 6 6
Yes, no
Yes
0~3 reports 0~3 reports
Page41

Parameter name PC interval Meaning Time between two power control command implementation This parameter specifies the uplink signal level upper threshold. When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power decrement [=receiving level - (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement value should consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. This parameter specifies the uplink signal level lower threshold. When the signal level lower than this value, calculate a power increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. This parameter specifies the uplink quality upper threshold. This parameter specifies the uplink quality lower threshold for power control Value range 1~30 (SACCH period) 0~63
(-110 dBm -47 dBm)
Recommended value 5
UL RX_LEV upper threshold
35
UL RX_LEV lower threshold UL Qual. upper threshold UL Qual. lower threshold
0~63
(-110 dBm -47 dBm)
25
Level 0~7 Level 0~7
Page42

Parameter name Meaning This parameter specifies the downlink signal level upper threshold. When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power decrement [=receiving level (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement should consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower threshold. When the signal level lower than this value, calculate a power increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider together with the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal quality located. This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper threshold for power control This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower threshold for power control Value range Recommended value
DL RX_LEV upper threshold
0~63
(-110 dBm -47 dBm)
40
DL EX_LEV lower threshold
0~63
(-110 dBm -47 dBm)
30
DL Qual. upper threshold DL Qual. lower threshold
Level 0~7
Level 0~7
Page43

Parameter name MAX Down Adj. value Qual. zone 0 MAX Down Adj. value Qual. zone 1 MAX Down Adj. value Qual. zone 2 Meaning This parameter specifies the maximum downward power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 0. This parameter specifies the maximum downward power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 1 or 2 This parameter specifies the maximum downward power adjustment value when the Rx quality is equal to or more than 3. Value range 0~30dB Recommended value 16
0~30dB
0~30dB
MAX Down Adj. PC Value by Qual.
The adjustment step allowed for the downward power control due to receiving signal quality.
0~4dB
Page44

Parameter name MAX Up Adj. PC Value by RX_LEV MAX Up Adj. PC Value by Qual. Meaning It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for upward power control by receive level. Value range 0~32dB Recommended value 16
It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for upward power control by receive quality. In uplink power control, when the receiving quality of uplink is not less than this start threshold, the actual "upper threshold of signal strength of uplink" will be added with "upper threshold offset of level when the receiving quality of uplink is poor" in the data configuration. Thus, the expected level in uplink power control can be increased furthermore. In uplink power control, when the receiving quality is not less than "start threshold when the receiving quality of uplink is poor", the actual "upper threshold of signal strength of uplink" will be added with this offset value.
0~32dB
UL Qual. Bad TrigThrsh
0~7
UL Qual. Bad UpLEVDiff
0~63dB
Page45

Parameter name Meaning In downlink power control, when the receiving quality of downlink is not less than this start threshold, the actual "upper threshold of signal strength of downlink" will be added with "upper threshold offset of level when the receiving quality of downlink is poor" in the data configuration. Thus, the expected level in downlink power control can be increased furthermore. In downlink power control, when the receiving quality is not less than "start threshold when the receiving quality of downlink is poor", the actual "upper threshold of signal strength of downlink" will be added with this offset value. Value range Recommended value
DL Qual. Bad TrigThrsh
0~7
DL Qual. Bad UpLEVDiff
0~63dB
Page46
Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control
Given conditions:
The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control algorithm is HW II.
Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold: 60dBm, uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper quality threshold: level 1. Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The downward adjustable step size of quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward adjustable step size of receiving level is 16dB. The upward or downward adjustable step size for power control by quality are both 4dB.
Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power control?
Page47
Exercise
Answer.
First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level =

actual receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal level lower threshold)/2 -55- (-60 + (-80))/2(-55)-(-70)15dB. As the receiving quality is level 0, downward adjustable step size of quality band 0
can be used -- decrease 16dB.
Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to receiving quality = as power control adjustment step size by quality is 4dB, thus decrease 4dB.
Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 15dB should be decreased.
Page48
Exercise
Answer .
After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving level becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm, Suppose the quality reach already in level 1 here.
First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm,

neednt adjust.
Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, neednt adjust.
Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.
Page49
Thank you
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Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Process of power control commands

It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from command sending to execution.

SACCCH report period: 26X4=104 frames (480ms)

BTS receives the measurement report

SA1 SA2 SA3

SA2 SA3 SA0

SA1 SA2 SA3

In the 26 multi-frames, frame 12 sends SACCH.

MS obtains SACCH block

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control

Measurement report preprocessing

Power control algorithm selection

GSM0508 power control algorithm

HW I power control algorithm

HW II power control algorithm

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Power control algorithm selected in power control data table

MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Process of HW I power control

Measurement report pre-processing

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Original data of power control -- measurement report

Downlink measurement report

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Uplink measurement report

Downlink measurement report

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement report pre-processing -- interpolation

Measurement report serial number n

Measurement report serial number n+4

3 missing measurement reports

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement report pre-processing -- filtering

HW I power control judgment (Stable adjustment stage)

downlink RXQUAL)*10* uplink or downlink quality

Final stable level = current level + transmitting power adjustment

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HW I power control judgment (Initial adjustment stage)

Final transmitting power = initial RXLEV transmitting power adjustment

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HW I Power Control Configuration

HW I power control data configuration and parameter introduction

[BTS power control table]

1 20 [10*(quality RX-quality EX)*20%] 8

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HW I Power Control Configuration

BTS Min Tx power PC Adj. Range

0~36dBm 1~16, corresponding to 0~30dB

downlink RXQUAL)10 uplink or downlink quality

1 20 [10(quality RX-quality EX)20%] 8