ATTITUDINAL NEUTRALITY AND POWER

In early studies it was shown that in code-mixing English is used to neutralize identities that one is reluctant to express through native languages or dialects. Code-mixing refers to the use of lexical items or phrases from one code in the stream of discourse of another. Neutralization is a linguistic strategy used to unload a linguistic item from 4/3/12 its traditional, cultural, and emotional

Neutralisation is a linguistic strategy used to unload a linguistic item from its traditional, cultural and emotional connotations by avoiding its use and choosing an item from another code. The borrowed item has referential meaning , but no cultural connotations in the context of specific culture.
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Some of the examples:

In Kashmiri the native word mond (widow) invokes the traditional connotations associated with widowhood . its use is restricted to abuses and curses ,not occuring in polished conversations. So vedva(Hindi vidhwa) or English widow is preferred by Hindus.

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In Tamil,as shown by Annamalai maccaan and attimbeer reveal the caste identity of the speaker-not desirable in certain situations.therefore one uses English word brother-in-law,instead . A lexical term may be associated with a specific style in the native language as are manaivi (formal) and penditti (colloquial)in Tamil,but the English 4/3/12

VARIETIES AND STYLES: THEIR FUNCTIONAL POWERS

The colonial Englishes,like any other variety of English ,are not Homogeneous. There is a variation with each variety . As the Range and Depth of function increase,so does the variation of any language. The competence of the speakers varies from the educated to the 4/3/12

For example,in Nigeria, four varieties of English have been identified by their linguistic characteristics. In Singapore ,Malaysia and India one notices the same cline of bilingualism. The varieties are also distinguished on the basis of settings- formal or informal.
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In Singapore English ,a final sentence particle la ,probably of hokkien origin,is extensively used when English is employed in informal settings and where the speech event calls for solidarity,rapport..etc In Malaysian English,the situation is identical. It is ,however,in the nativized communicative acts,and situationally dependent rhetorical styles,that one finds the subtle use of English.
4/3/12 A non-native writer of English faces a

CONTACT LITERATURES IN ENGLISH:CREATIVITY IN THE OTHER TONGUE

IN South Asia ,to take example,there are three pan-south asian literatures: Sanskrit ,Persian and Hindu.

In terms of both style and context,Sanskrit has been associated with Hindu tradition. Persian and Urdu have maintained the Perso-Arabic stylistic devices,metaphors and symbolism.

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In Indian English fiction,R.K.Narayan,Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao have brought another dimension to the understanding of the regional,social and political contexts. In the process,linguistically speaking,the process of the Indianization of English has acquired an institutionalized status. In sociological sense,English has provided a linguistic tool and a sociopolitical dimension very different 4/3/12 from those available native liguistic

A non-native writer English functions in two traditions. In psychological terms,such a multilingual role calls for adjustments. In attitudinal terms, it is controversial; in linguistic terms, it is challenging, for it means molding the language for new contexts.
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Reference: The alchemy of English: the spread, functions, and models of non-native ... By Braj B. Kachru

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