Mesurement Of High Voltages & High Currents

SUBMITTED BY:- SACHIN KUMAR SINGH ROLL NO.-090104087 rd year) SUBMITTED TO:- BRANCH:-EEE(3 Mr. Yogesh

Measurement Of High AC Voltage

Electrostatic voltmeter Series impedance voltmeter Potential dividers : Resistance or Capacitance type Potential transformers : Electromagnetic or CVT Sphere gaps

Electrostatic Voltmeter

One of the direct methods of measuring high voltages is by means of electro-static voltmeters. For voltages above 10 kV, generally the attracted disc type of electrostatic voltmeter is used. When two parallel conducting plates (cross section area A and spacing s) are charged q and have a potential difference V, then the energy stored in the is given by

1 1 W = CV 2 dW = V 2 dC = F ds 2 2 1 dC Force, F = V 2 Newton 2 ds For uniform field capacitance, C = 1 V 2 F = A 2 Newton 2 s A dC A = 2 s ds s

Light beam arrangement

It is thus seen that the force of attraction is proportional to the square of the potential difference applied, so that the meter reads the square value (or can be marked to read the rms value).
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CONSTRUCTION
The constructional details of an absolute electrostatic voltmeter is given in Fig. The control torque is provided by a balancing weight The moving disc M forms the central core of the guard ring G which is of the same diameter as the fixed plate F. The cap D encloses a sensitive balance B, one arm of which carries the suspension of the moving disc.

The balance beam carries a mirror which reflects beam of light. Absolute Electrostatic Voltmet

CONSTRUCTION
The movement of the disc is thereby magnified. As the spacing between the two electrodes is large, the uniformity of the electric field is maintained by the guard rings H which surround the space between the discs F and M. The guard rings H are maintained at a constant potential in space by a capacitance divider ensuring a uniform special potential distribution.
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Electrostatic Voltmeter

Advantages: i. Low loading effect ii. Active power losses are negligibly small iii. Voltage source loading is limited to the reactive power needed to charge the system capacitance.(i.e., For 1V Voltmeter- Capacitance is few Pico farad) iv. Voltages upto 600kV can be measured.

Disadvantage:
i.

For constant distance s, F V2, the sensitivity is small. This can be overcome by varying the gap distance d in appropriate steps.

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