Seminar on Radio Frequency Identification Technology

Presented by T.RAJANI (08J91A0434)

CONTENTS
What is RFID? What makes an RFID system? How does RFID work? RFID tags and its types Advantages Applications

What is RFID?
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people and objects. Wireless communication takes place between a reader (sometimes interrogator) and a small transponder called tag.

What makes an RFID system?

TAG or TRANSPONDER READER or INTERROGATOR HOST COMPUTER

How does RFID work?

In an RFID system, RFID tags are "interrogated by an RFID reader. The tag reader generates a radio frequency "interrogation" signal that communicates with the tags. The reader also has a receiver that captures a reply signal from the tags, and decodes that signal. The reply signal from the tags reflects the tag's data content. The reply signal is created as passive "backscatter" (to use the radio term).

TAGS
A Tag is a transponder which receives a radio signal and in response to it sends out a radio signal. Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that stores a small amount of data Tag is powered by the electromagnetic field generated by the antennas usually in doorways The field allows the chip/antenna to reflect back an extremely weak signal containing the data

Features of tag:
Size (Microchip of almost grain size)

Price (aim: Rs.5 - tag)

Types of RFID tags

Active tags Passive Semi active/Semi passive

ACTIVE RFID tags

Active RFID tags have their own internal power source which is used to power any ICs and generate the outgoing signal.

Active Tag Features

Active tags
Powered by an internal battery Finite lifetime (because of battery) Greater range Better noise immunity Higher data transmission rates

PASSIVE RFID tags

Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply. Most passive tags signal by backscattering the carrier signal from the reader. Passive RFID tags do not require batteries, and can be much smaller and have an unlimited life span.

Passive Tag Features

Operate without battery Derive power from the field generate by the reader Less expensive Unlimited life Require more powerful readers Orientation sensitivity

SEMI PASSIVE RFID tags

Semi-passive RFID tags are very similar to passive tags except for the addition of a small battery. Semi-passive RFID tags are faster in response and therefore stronger in reading ratio compared to passive tags.

A paper label with RFID inside

an antenna, printed, etched or stamped ... and a chip attached to it

on a substrate e.g. a plastic foil ...

READER
An RFID reader is a device that is used to interrogate an RFID tag. The reader has an antenna that emits radio waves The tag responds by sending back its data. The reader has two basic components A scanning antenna. A transceiver with a decoder.

ADVANTAGES
Efficiency Return on Investment (ROI) Less Vulnerable to Damage

Applications
Baggage Handling Anti Theft Systems Animal Tracking Libraries Public transport & ticketing Various medical applications

Conclusion
RFID is the most emerging technology which could replace all the tracking systems and mechanisms and is going to rule the world due to its smallest size and its possibility of implantation.

THANK YOU