An Introduction to

Enhancement Of Power Quality In Distribution System Using D-STATCOM

ABSTRACT:
The project presents the enhancement of voltage sags ,harmonic distortion and low power factor using distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL passive filter in distribution system. The model is based on the voltage source converter (VSC) principle. The D-STATCOM injects current into the system to mitigate the voltage sags. LCL passive filter was then added to D-STATCOM to improve harmonic distortion and low power factor.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A D-STATCOM

D-STATCOM

COMPONENTS OF A D-STATCOM
DEFINITIONS CONCLUSION REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION
An increasing demand for high quality, electrical power and increasing number of distorting loads may lead to the increasing awareness of power quality both by customers and utilities. The most common power quality problems are voltage sags, harmonic distortion and low power factor. The development of power electronics devices such as Flexible AC Transmission System( FACTS) and customs power devices have introduced an emerging branch of technology providing the power system with versatile new control capabilities . There are different ways to enhance power quality problems in transmission and distribution systems. Among these, the D-STATCOM is one of the most effective devices. The D-STATCOM has additional capability to sustain reactive current at low voltage, and can be developed as a voltage and frequency support by replacing capacitors with batteries as energy storage.

Schematic Diagram of a D-STATCOM

D-STATCOM
A D-STATCOM consists of a two-level VSC,a dc energy storage device controller and a coupling transformer connected in shunt to the distribution network. Output current Iout will correct the voltage sags by adjusting the voltage drop across the system impedance (Zth=R+jX). The effectiveness of D-STATCOM in correcting voltage sags depends on - the value of impedance Zth=R + jX. - the fault level of the load bus.

COMPONENTS OF A D-STATCOM
Vsc:Voltage Source Converter is a power electronic device
connected in parallel to the system and generates sinusoidal voltages with any required magnitude ,frequency and phase angle. It can also replace voltage or inject the missing voltage. Controller:It is partially part of the distributed system which drives the system to be controlled with weighted sum of error signal (difference between the output and the desired set point) and integral of that value. LCL Passive Filter: It is effective to reduce harmonic distortion in the system. To design an efficient LCL passive filter we must make sure that 10fn<=fres<=0.5fsw. Energy Storage Circuit: DC source connected in parallel with the capacitor carries the input ripple current of the converter and is the main reactive energy storage element. It can be charged by a dc source or recharged by the converter itself.

WHAT IS A VOLTAGE SAG Despite being a short duration of 10 millisecond to 1 second during which the reduction in RMS voltage magnitude takes place a small reduction in the system voltage can cause serious consequence.
WHAT IS TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION Harmonic distortion is the degree to which the waveform deviation from its pure sinusoidal values as a result of summation of all the harmonic elements. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is the summation of all the harmonic components of the voltage or the current waveform compared against the fundamental component of the voltage or the current wave.

CONCLUSION
The simulation results show that the voltage sags can be mitigated by inserting D-STATCOM to the distribution system. By adding LCL Passive filter to D-STATCOM, the THD is reduced . The power factors also increase close to unity. It can be concluded that by adding D-STATCOM with LCL filter the power quality is improved.

REFERENCE
[1] Noramin Ismail,Wan Norainin Wan Abdullah.," Enhancement Of Power Quality In Distribution System Using D-STATCOM.-a 2010 IEEE Extract.Noramin Ismail can be reached at amin_ukhwah@yahoo.com and Norainin is with university technology MARA Malaysia. [2] A.E.Hammad,Comparing the voltage source capability of Present and future Var Compensation Techniques in Transmission System,IEEE Trans,On Power Delivery. volume 1.No.1 Jan 1995. [3] Anaya-Lara O,Acha E., Modeling and Analysis Of Custom Power Systems by PSCAD/EMTDC,IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume 17,Issue:9,September 2001,PP:11-15. [4] M.Madrigal, E.Acha.,Modelling Of Custom Power Equipment Using Harmonics Domain Techniques,IEEE 2000. [5] Haque,M.H.,Compensation Of Distribution Systems Voltage Sags By Dvr And D-Statcom,Power Tech Proceedings,2001 IEEE Porto,Volume 1,Pp.10-13,September 2001.

Happy are those who dream dreams and are ready to pay the price to make them come true.

THANK YOU.