FIRE

FIRE

INTRODUCTION
FIRE IS AN ENERGY
CATCHES UNPREPARED

80 % INDUSTRY LOSSES DUE

TO FIRE

60 % SHORT CIRCUITING
80% DEATH BY ASPHYXIA

The Economic and Social Consequences of Fire Loss of life Serious business interruption
The wiping out of business profits

The majority of businesses that suffer a serious fire never recover.

Causes Of Fire
Violation of stocking / storage rules Welding and cutting operations Spontaneous combustion (direct heat) Over-Heating Electrical faults Smoking

Ignorance
Carelessness Arson

MAIN CAUSES OF FIRE

1. ACCIDENTAL CAUSES
IGNORANCE, CARELESSNESS, NEGLIGENCE & SABOTAGE

2. ENERGY SOURCES
GAS AND ELECTRICITY

3. NATURAL CAUSES
SUN, LIGHTNING, FERMENTATION AND

SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION

The Fire Triangle

Fuel

The Fire Triangle

Ox yg en

Fire Theory
In order for a fire to break out, all three elements of the fire triangle must be present. These elements are: Oxygen (Air) Fuel (Flammable materials) Heat

at at He He
Fuel

When these three elements combine under certain conditions, fire breaks out.
The fire is extinguished by the removal of one of the 3 elements

The fire is extinguished by the removal of one of the 3 elements

Fuel

The fire is extinguished by the removal of one of the 3 elements

Fuel

The fire is extinguished by the removal of one of the 3 elements

Questions
How can the heat be removed? How can the oxygen be removed?

How can the fuel be removed?

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
1. TYPE A (SOLIDS)
- PAPER, WOOD, FABRIC ETC 2. 3. 4. 5. TYPE B (LIQUIDS) - PETROL, SPIRITS, WAX, OIL ETC. TYPE C (GASES) - LPG, CNG, HYDROGEN ETC. TYPE D (METALS) - MAGNESIUM, TITANIUM, LITHIUM ETC. TYPE E (FIRE IN LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS )
GAS
PETROL

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS -WHICH ONE TO USE

CLASS OF FIRE WATER
COOLING

FOAM CO2 GAS POWDER

BLANKETING COOLING & DILUTING BLANKETING

&DILUTING

A TYPE (PAPER, WOOD, TEXTILE, FABRIC) B TYPE (FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS) C TYPE (FLAMMABLE GASES) ELECTRICAL HAZARDS VEHICLE PROTECTION

Action upon Discovery of Fire

Act immediately as the fire will be out of control within seconds FIRST, Sound the alarm Use the correct type of Fire extinguisher Attempt to put out the fire, but remain safe If you are unable to contain the fire then Withdraw, closing all doors en route

You must never pick up an extinguisher without having first sounded the alarm.

SMOKE
In a fire situation, smoke is the biggest killer Burning furniture produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide In smoke, disorientation occurs after a few seconds, weakness and dizziness after 30 seconds, death within 2 minutes In a crowded room filled with smoke from burning furniture, not everybody will escape

Fire Extinguishers - Water

wood paper fabric

Liquids
electrical gasses

etc

Burning metals

Fire Extinguishers - Foam

wood paper fabric

electrical gasses Burning metals

liquids

Fire Extinguishers - Powder

Wood Paper etc. Liquids elect. equip. Gasses

Burning metals

Fire Extinguishers - CO2

Wood Paper etc. Liquids elect. equip. Gasses

Burning metals

Fire Extinguishers - Halon

BANNED

elect. equip. Most fires

AS FROM 2003

ACTION IN CASE OF FIRE

RAISE ALARM (SHOUT FIRE-FIRE) WITH LOCATION
BRING ALL LIFTS, (IF ANY), TO THE GROUND FLOOR PRESS FIRE ALARM BUTTON BY BREAKING THE GLASS OR CALL SECURITY IMMEDIATELY SHUT OFF POWER AND GAS

FIRST USE HAND-HELD FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

ONLY WHEN INSTRUCTED EVACUATE AND ASSEMBLE AT ASSEMBLY POINTS CLOSE ALL DOORS AND WINDOWS AS YOU EVACUATE DO NOT GO BACK TO COLLECT PERSONAL THINGS

CARRY OUT HEAD COUNT

DOS AND DONTS OF FIRE

DO NOT PANIC-KEEP COOL - THINK WALK - DO NOT RUN

DO NOT EXERT - YOU WILL INHALE EXCESSIVE SMOKE

IN CASE TRAPPED - SHOUT FOR HELP

LIE LOW- SMOKE AND GAS WILL BE LESS AT LOWER

LEVELS

USE WET HANDKERCHIEF TO COVER FACE AND NOSE

DO NOT TAKE SHELTER IN BATHROOM AS IT MAY BE MORE PRONE TO GET SMOKE CLOGGED