Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Johnathan
1Purdue 2 Purdue
1, Rogers
Ernest
2 Agee
operational energy requirements per refrigeration unit, to help achieve the goal of reducing atmospheric CO2.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a Thermodynamic Refrigeration System that can cause Carbon Dioxide in terrestrial air to freeze and snow out of the terrestrial air. INTRODUCTION: Global anthropogenic carbon dioxide has been increasing by a rate of approximately 2.0 ppmv annually and the increase is one of the likely sources of global climate change. The Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide chart featured above shows the increase since data started getting collected in 1958. With the problem of global change threatening many parts of the world a plan to curtail one of the most likely contributors to the change, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, must move forward. Cooling air down to a temperature where carbon dioxide will solidify into snow is a way to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. A series of carbon dioxide deposition plants placed in Antarctica will be a way to remove 1 billion tons carbon dioxide from the atmosphere annually. Antarcticas climate makes it the most ideal place to put Deposition plants. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth and as a result the amount of energy that will be required to cool air down to at least 136 degrees Kelvin (the deposition temperature of carbon dioxide) will be the lowest. The air will cool and the carbon dioxide will fall to the bottom of plant and then it will be removed to an insulated landfill. The refrigeration cycle will be powered by wind turbines. Carbon Dioxide Deposition Plant Design The plants will be a closed loop vapor compression refrigeration system on a massive scale that has width length and depth of 100 meters. The vapor compression cycle the deposition plant follow can be seen on figure (1). The cycle will start with nitrogen gas that has just left the condenser (refrigeration of ambient atmospheric air) and will enter a compressor. The nitrogen that enters the compressor will be at state 1 (states 1-4 are in table 1 for reference). The nitrogen will leave the adiabatic compressor at state 2. Once the liquid nitrogen moves from the compressor it enters a heat exchanger where the gas nitrogen is cooled to a liquid. In this step an additional system will capture the heat thats lost from the nitrogen loop and this energy will be used for heating any necessary facilities. The nitrogen (now in liquid form) exits the heat exchanger at state 3. The next device the nitrogen will enter is a expansion valve. As the nitrogen passes through the expansion valve entropy is constant but the temperature and pressure change. The nitrogen exits the expansion valve at state 4, a liquid-vapor mixture. The liquid-vapor mixture of nitrogen then enters the condenser where it takes in heat from the ambient atmosphere cooling that air down to 136 degrees Kelvin. This closes the loop of the refrigeration cycle. The carbon dioxide that has undergone deposition will fall out of the air and be transported to an insulated landfill. It should also be noted that in figure 1 and table 1 there are two alternate states. These states relate to an alternate design that will be discussed in the results.
State 1 2 2A 3 3A 4
"Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2009 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)." Web. 09 Apr. 2011. <http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/ptb0802a.html>.