Chapter 1

Lesson 1 Workbook Page 2-10

Sentence
(Linguistics) a sequence of words capable of standing alone to make an assertion, ask a question, or give a command, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate containing a finite verb. Assertion: A strong statement that something is true

Auxiliary Verb
Definition: Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb. Be, Do and have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs.

Pronoun
A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence. The noun that is replaced is called an antecedent.
Type First Person Second Person Nominative I you he Third Person First Person Plural she it we you they who Possessive my your his her its our your their whose Objective me you him her it us you them whom Possessive Noun mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs whose

Singular

Second Person
Third Person

Interrogative

We use Possessive Adjectives to show who owns or "possesses" something

number person
1st 2nd singular 3rd

gender
male/female male/female male female neuter

possessive adjective my your his her its our your

example sentence
This is my book. I like your hair. His name is "John". Her name is "Mary". The dog is licking its paw. We have sold our house. Your children are lovely. The students thanked their teacher.

1st plural 2nd 3rd

male/female male/female

male/female/neute their r

singular/plu 1st/2nd/3r male/female (not ral d neuter)

whose

Whose phone did you use?

To Be
Present tense form am/is/are

Past tense form was/were

Tense: Any one of the inflected forms in the conjugation of a verb that indicates the time, such as past, present, or future, as well as the continuance or completion of the action or state

Am/Is/Are
Question Am I ? Are you ? Is he/ she/it ? Positive Statement I am (Im) You are (youre) He/ She / It is (Hes / Shes its) We are (were) Negative Statement I am not ( Im not) You are not (Youre not/ you arent) He / She / It is not He / She / It s not He / She / It isnt We are not ( We arent / Were not) You are not (Youre not/ you arent) They are not (they arent / theyre not)

Are We ?

Are You ? (plural)

You are (youre)

Are they?

They Are (theyre)

Examples:
Am/Are Question - ? Positive Answer - Yes Negative Answer - No "Am I disturbing you?" "Yes you are." "No you're not." Is "Is this your coat" "Yes it is" "No it isn't"

To Do
Do / Does
Question
Singular Do I? Do you? Does he/she/it? Plural Do we? Do you? Do they?

Positive Statement (spoken)

I do You do He/she/it does

Negative Statement (spoken)

I do not (I don't) You do not (You don't) He/she/it does not (He/she/it doesn't) We do not (We don't) You do not (You don't) They do not (They don't)

We do You do They do

To Have
Have / Has
Question Singular Have I? Have you? Has he/she/it? Plural Have we? Have you? Positive Statement (spoken) I have (I've) You have (You've) He/she/it has (He/she/it 's) We have (We've) You have (You've) Negative Statement (spoken) I have not (I haven't/I've not) You have not (You haven't/You've not) He/she/it has not (He/she/it hasn't) We have not (We haven't/We've not) You have not (You haven't/You've not) They have not (They haven't/They've not)

Have they?

They have (They've)

Examples
Do Does Question - ? "Do you always take the "Does she ever do her bus to work?" homework on time?" Positive Answer - Yes "Yes I do." "Yes she does." Negative Answer - No "No I don't." "No she doesn't."

Examples
Have is often used to indicate possession (I have or I have got)
Have Have got Question - ? "Do you have a car?" or "Have you got a car?" "Have you a car?" Positive Answer - Yes "Yes I have a car." "Yes I've got a car." Negative Answer - No "No I don't have a car." "No I haven't got a car. Have is also used to indicate necessity (I have to) or (I have got to).

Have is also used to indicate necessity (I have to) or (I have got to)

Have to Have got to Question - ? "Do you have to leave "Have you got to leave early?" early?" Positive Answer - Yes "Yes I have to." or "Yes I "Yes I've got to." do" Negative Answer - No "No I don't have to." "No I haven't got to."

Have is also used to show action

Question - ? Positive Answer - Yes

"Have you washed your face?" " Yes I have."

Negative Answer - No

" No I haven't."

WH Question Words
Question Word Function asking for information about something asking for repetition or confirmation Example What is your name? What? I can't hear you. You did what? What did you do that for? When did he leave? Where do they live? Which color do you want? Who opened the door?

what

what...for when where which who whom whose

asking for a reason, asking why asking about time asking in or at what place or position asking about choice asking what or which person or people (subject) asking what or which person or people (object) asking about ownership

Whom did you see? Whose are these keys? Whose turn is it? Why do you say that? Why don't I help you?

why
why don't

asking for reason, asking what...for

making a suggestion

how

asking about manner

How does this work? How was your exam?

asking about condition or quality

how + adjective/adverb how far how long how many how much how old how come (informal)

asking about extent or degree distance length (time or space) quantity (countable) quantity (uncountable) age asking for reason, asking why

see examples below How far is the library from the mall? How long will it take? How many people are there? How much money do you have? How old are you? How come I can't see her?

Vocabulary related to lesson 1 of chapter 1

Classmate: A member of the same class at school First: Earliest, primary, primordial, principal. Middle: something intermediate between extremes. Last: Following all the rest, final. Full: Complete Nice: Pleasing, agreeable. Meet: To come into contact or proximity with, to come into connection with.

Conversation

Introduction and Greetings:

Formal and informal situations

Activity
Introduce yourself in a formal and informal way.

Introduce your classmate in both situations as mentioned above.

What to say after introductions

Nice to meet you too, informal situation. Im very pleased to meet you too, formal

Activity
Practice activity 2 and 9 of lesson 1 with your classmate