Combined Stresses

Objectives

Learn the difference between plain stress and

plain strain.

Review generalized Hookes Law

Construct Mohrs circle for 2D and 3D state of

stresses.
Generalized Stress State

At a point, the state of

stress is dependent on
nine stress components,
namely
x xy xz
xy y yz
xz yz z
xy yx
xz zx
yz zy
s






1
1

1
1
]

Plane Stress

Also known as bi-axial

stress.

The stresses exist in a

single plane.

There will be no out-of-

the-plane stresses.

There will be out-of-the-

plane strains.
0
x xy
xy y
z xz yz
s



1

1
]

Given
x
,
y,
and
xy
in the xy coordinate
system, what are the components of these
stresses in t-n coordinate system?
Stress Transformation
Transformation Equations
Mohrs Circle for 2-D Stress State

Establish coordinate axes with as abscissa and

as ordinate.

Locate points A and B based on the stresses in x and

y faces.

Joint points A and B, and identify the center O.

With O as the center and AO as the radius establish a

circle.

The circle defines all stress states.

Mohrs Circle 2D State of Stress
Point A
Point B
Point O
Determining Principle Stresses &
Axes
Key Stresses

Is the maximum shear stress value correct?

Correct if we consider the stresses in the plane.

Wrong if we consider all the three principle stresses.

2
2
1,2
2
2
max
2 2
2
x y x y
xy
x y
xy




+
_ _
t +

, ,

_
+

,
Transformation Equations
The maximum and
minimum stresses
are called Principal
Stresses.
The principal
stresses occur in
planes that satisfy
Transformation Equations
Principle directions define
- maximum normal stress
- minimum normal stress.
Mohrs Circle for 3-D State of Stress
Determining the Principle Stresses for
3D State of Stress

Find the three values of from the following cubic

equation:
( )
( )
( )
3 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 0
x y z
x y x z y z xy yz zx
x y z xy yz zx x yz y xz z xy



+ + +
+ + +
+
Plane Strain

The strains exist in a single plane.

There will be no out-of-the-plane strains.

There will be out-of-the-plane stresses.

This results in 3-D state of stress.

Generalized Hookes Law
( )
( )
( )
x y z
x
y x z
y
z x y
z
xy
xy
yz
yz
zx
zx
E
E
E
G
G
G

1
+
]

1 +
]

1
+
]