The Eyeball

The Orbit
Pyramidal-shaped cavity in the skull with its base opening in front & its apex behind, and contains lacrimal apparatus & eyeball.

4 walls: Roof ?
Floor ? Lat. Wall ? Med. Wall ?

Muscles of The Orbit

7 muscles Levator palpebrae Superioris 4 recti muscles Sup. & Inf. obliques

Testing for actions of extrinsic eyeball Muscles (H-test)

The Eyeball
Embedded within orbital fat

except??
Consists of 3 coats 1. Fibrous coat: sclera & cornea 2. Vascular pigmented coat: choroid, ciliary body & iris

3. Nervous coat:
retina

Fibrous Coat of Eyeball

Made up of 2 parts Cornea (L, horn): Ant., transparent Fxn.? Sclera (G, hard): Post., white (D.C.T.) Fxn.s? 2 Pierced by: Optic n., ciliary n., & ciliary a. Lamina Cribrosa?

Vascular Coat of Eyeball

Composed of: Choroid (G, skin) pigmented coat contain melanocytes dark brown in color
(what is the melanin Fxn. In eye?)

continues ant. With ? Ciliary body: ciliary processes (2 fxns.?) ciliary muscle

Iris (L, rainbow): thin contractile pigmented diaphragm with central opening (?)

Iris:
Pigmented muscular diaphragm between ? Divides ant. Aspect of eyeball into ?

Amount of ?? In iris Determines the eye color

*Contains 2 muscles ?

Nervous Coat of Eyeball (Retina)

Consists of 2 layers:

Outer pigmented layer In contact with ?

Inner nervous layer

Contains vision receptors

* Vision receptors = post. 3/4 *Ant. 1/4 = pigment cells Nonreceptive

Structures on The Retina

Ora serrata: (serrated edge) Wavy margin that represents the border between the receptive & nonreceptive parts of the retina Macula Lutea: Oval yellowish area at the center of post. part of retina that represents the area of most distinct vision

Fovea Centralis:
The central depression in macula lutea Optic Disc: The area where optic n. leaves the retina. No receptors blind spot Located ?

Contents of The Eyeball

Aqueous Humor (ant.) Lens (Mid.)

Vitreous Body (post.)

Aqueous Humor
Clear fluid that fills the space ant. to the lens (ant. & post. chambers) Secreted by? Flows through ? Drained into?

Fxn.: 1. Supports eye wall by exerting internal pressure 2. Nourishes cornea & lens

Vitreous Body
A transparent gel that fills the space post. to the lens.

Fxn.: 1. Contributes to magnifying power of the eye 2. Supports post. surface of the lens 3. Holds neural part of retina against its pigmented part

Glaucoma
Abnormally high intraocular pressure due to accumulation of aqueous humor in the ant. Part of the eye - Most common cause of blindness in US - Affecting people over 40 years of age Mechanism: Fluid compresses lens & vitreous body Put pressure on the retina Destruction of vision neurons