The Nose & Palate

The Nose
The passageway between outside (ant.) & nasopharynx (post.) Covered by: skin: out M.M.: inside (what type ?) 2 parts: External Nose

Nasal Cavity

External Nose
Consists of Bone: Frontal process of ?? Nasal bone Cartilage: Upper lateral Lower lateral (med. & lat. Crura) Septal Lesser alar Contains 2 openings (Nostrils or nares)

Nasal Septum
Separates the 2 halves Formed by: perpendicular plate of ethmoid (superopost.) Vomer bone (inferopost.)

Septal cartilage (ant.)

Nasal Cavity
Extends from nostrils to post. aspect of the conchae

Divides by nasal septum into 2 cavities

Boundaries lat. Wall: Vestibule ant. Aspect of Nasal cavity lined with?

3 Nasal Conchae Sup., Mid. & Inf.

Med. Wall: Nasal septum Roof (Sup.): body of sphenoid Cribriform plate of ? Frontal Nasal Floor (Inf.): Bony hard palate (??)

Nasal Conchae & Meatuses

Conchae: bony elevations that project inf. Like scrolls 3 (sup., mid., inf.,) from? Beneath each concha is a meatus (passage) Sup. Meatus: ?? Mid. Meatus: ?? Inf. Meatus: ??

Spheno-Ethmoidal Recess
Space above sup. Concha Between: sphenoid & ethmoid bones * Receives: ??

Arterial Blood Supply

Rich area of Bld. Supply

1. Sphenopalatine a.: terminal branch of ? enters through???? supply: lat. Wall & ??
2. Sup. Labial a.: from? supply: ??

3. Ethmoidal a.: ant. & post. from?

4. Greater Palatine a.: from descending palatine a. supply: ??

Venous Drainage
Through Nasal venous plexus within submucosa

Drains into:
Facial Vein (ant.)

Pterygoid Venous Plexus (post.)

Epistaxis (Nasal Bleeding)

Causes: many (picking systemic)

Location: most commonly in antero-inferior part of Nasal septum from septal branches of: ??? Rx.: promoting bld. Clot through:

- packing nasal cavity with absorbent material - direct pressure on ext. nose (~10 min), with the head at ??

Innervation of Nasal Cavity

Special Sensation

Olfactory Nerve (I) smell olfactory epithelium located ?

General Sensation: Max. N. (V2) Ophthalmic (V1)

Paranasal Sinuses
Read Your Text for Complete description of these sinuses

Air-containing spaces within cranial bones

Lined with respiratory epithelium in life (which type?)

Suggested Fxn.s: 1. reduce skull weight

2. voice modification (resonators) 3. insulation effect: prevent heat loss from nasal cavity

Sinusitis & Meningitis

Pus-producing infections within ?? & ?? Air sinuses (Sinusitis) risk of erosion into cranial cavity in children (because of thin & soft bony septa)

Leading into infection of the meninges (meningitis)

Intracranial Surgery & Sphenoid Sinus

Str. At the base of the brain (pituitary gland & optic nerve) Can be approached surgically through sphenoid sinus: Between upper lip & maxilla Lat. Side of nasal cavity (until spheno-ethmoidal recess) Sphenoid sinus Drilling the roof of the sinus

The Palate

Consists of hard & soft parts Hard Palate: ant. 2/3 or 3/4 formed by ? it forms the floor of ??

Soft Palate
Fibromuscular fold covered with mucosa & attached to post. Border of Hard palate

Post. 1/3 or 3/4 Composed of: -M.M.: covers the surfaces - Palatine aponeurosis fibrous sheet that represents expanded tendon of ?? - Muscles: 5 m.

Muscles of The Soft Palate (Read the table in your book)

Tensor veli palatini forms P. aponeurosis Levator veli palatini

Palatoglossus m. forms ? Palatopharyngeus m. forms ? Musculus uvulae elevates uvula

Uvula: a conical projection from post. Border of soft P.

Arterial Blood Supply

1. Descending palatine a.: from ? divides into: greater & lesser P. a. 2. Ascending palatine a.: from facial a. 3. Ascending pharyngeal artery

Innervation to The Palate

Greater palatine n. from V2 enters through ? supply: ?? Nasopalatine n. from V2 enters through ? supply: ??

Lesser palatine n. from V2 enters through ? supply: ??

Structures on The Palate

Palatine Rugae: provide rough surface on 1o palate Suggested Fnx.: - in speech: - in preparation of food for swallowing

Vibrating Line: The boundary between ?? of ??

Lies at short distance behind ??

* post. Edge of upper denture should be ??

Cleft Palate
A developmental anomaly due to failure of palatine processes of maxilla to fuse in the midline This allows air, liquids or even food to pass from mouth to nose or vice versa Prevalence: ~ 1 / 1000 (??) Complications: - Sucking & swallowing problems In newborns - Speech difficulties later on

4 degrees of cleft palate 1st : cleft uvula 2nd: + cleft of 2o palate 3rd: + cleft on one side of 1o palate 4th: + cleft on both sides of 1o palate