COLONIAL LITERARY CULTURE

Fatimah Sarah rosalina Sherlie Dwi Hapsari Click to edit Master subtitle style Yari Fahmawati

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13 COLONIES (1607-1732)

New England (North) : 1. New Hampshire 2. Massachus etts (Boston) 3. Rhode Island 4. Connecticu 4/13/12

Southern Colonies: 9. Virginia (Jamestown) 10. Maryland 11. North Carolina 12. South Carolina (Charleston) 13. Georgia

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COLONISTS

1607 first colony in Jamestown, Virginia (John Smith and John Rolfe) 1621 Pilgrim fathers in Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1630 the big colony established in Massachusetts Bay by Puritan. 1636 Pilgrim and Puritan would make the best country, so they made Rhode Island 1672 Georgia, the last colony is made

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We will discuss
School and colleges Books Libraries Press Newspaper Freedom expression Public discussion In colonial era

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Literary Background

The Protestant communities which sprang up in Virginia, New England, and elsewhere in America were much like country towns and villages of England. It is hard when polite literature bloomed in American woods.

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Puritans and Quakers

Against many form of imaginative literature Puritans emphasized Biblical and theological learning. Quakers stressed practical studies which served for the relief of mans estate.

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Development of SCHOOL
American colonist showed a deep concern lest their children grow up barbarous in the wilderness. This concern was equally great in New England and in Virginia, though the methods of meeting the danger varied with differing conditions.

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School in North (New England)

In New England villagers quickly set up school for their children, the Puritan father in 1636 established Harvard College to insure learned ministry and provide a nursery of learning for their son.
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School in South (Virginia)

In Virginia the wealthier planters hired tutor, and the less well-to-do organized plantation school and shared the expense of teacher. In 1693 Virginians established the college of William and Mary from then same motives that had prompted the founders of Harvard.
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School in Middle (Pennsylvania)

In 1760 some cities, particularly Boston and Philadelphia, had excellent grammar schools. Belles-letter had small place in formal education in this period; but classical rhetoric and the prose and poetry of Greece and Rome exerted a profound influence in the development of a literary consciousness.
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GRAMMAR SCHOOL

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6 colleges
1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

Harvard William and Mary Yale (1701) College of New Jersey (1746-later Princeton) Kings (1754-later Columbia) Charity School in Philadelphia (1740later the Academy and College of Philadelphia- now: University of Pennsylvania)

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Book-seller
17th century: inventories show a wide
dispersion of books throughout the colonies. Before the end 17th century: Boston had a lot of book-sellers. One of the earliest of these was Hezekiah Usher. Peddlers often carried books and pamphlets in their packs. In tobacco colonies (Southern Colonies) they request books throughout letters to marchants in London or Bristol because bookseller unknown before.
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17th and 18th century Books imported for colonists purpose Select the useful, and designed for entertainment or amusement known : picaresque narratives, useful books was characteristic of Virginia Planters and New England Puritans
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BOOKS

jest book, ballads, and other literary frivolities

New England and Southern have similarities in literary taste Widest circulation of book before 1760

religious and pious

read by: Calvinist in the North and Anglicans in the South. 4/13/12 Preacher and laymen

Religious book

Lewis Bayly
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Historical Works

Classical and modern From Greek and Roman history drew lesson of ancient world Favorite Author: TACITUS Books at that time: Raleighs

History of the 4/13/12 world, Bishop

Useful books

Books of conduct Instruction in domestic relations Political treatises Legal discussion Handbook for amateur and 4/13/12 professional

Writers

Most influential writers in 18th century Joseph Addison and Richard Steele

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book Tatler and Spectator (About Moral and social lesson)

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Literature increase

End 17th century drama and poetry and belles-letters increased The works Spensers Faerie Queene and Miltons Paradise Lost Poetical works of George Herbert, Francis Quarles, and Abraham Cowley Shakespeares play was found (mid 18th) Bookseller has discovered 4/13/12

Drama

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LIBRARIES

17th century most library gathered for immediate using to their owners End 17th begun for collecting book in almost a professional sense. Early 18th Cotton Mather in Massachusetts and William Byrd in Virginia gathered substantial library (thousand volumes) 1751 James Logan in Philadelphia gathered library (3000 volumes) Many other private library were gathered and helped in the distributing of learning
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Library in colleges

Establish an importance and usefulness library in college at Cambridge from John Harvards book collection. Mid 18th Yale have library And come afterward 4/13/12 the other colleges

T he Development of Public and Semipublic Libr aries

Public and semipublic libraries began to develop in the 17th century 1653: by Robert Keayne in Boston 1700: by Reverend John Sharpe in New York New York Society Library 1742: by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia Library Company of Philadelphia 1747: by Abraham Redwood in Newport, RhodeIsland Redwood Library 1748: by 17 young gentlemen in South Carolina 4/13/12 Carleston Library Society

T he Development of Pr ess
The Development of Press in

North America & Middle Colonies

1st press Cambridge in 1639 at operated by Stephen Day and was succeeded by Samuel Green. Press in Boston that operated by James Franklin and his half-brother Ben. Press spread into Philadelphia, there 4/13/12 William Bradford was also responsible

The Development of Press in South Colonies

In 1682 William Nuthead attempted to establish a press at Jamestown, Virginia. But he soon became involved with the authorities, and his efforts were suppressed by order of governor. 1685 he transferred his activities to the proprietary colony of Maryland. in 1730 William Park came over from Maryland to Williamsburg and set up a print shop. 1731: 3 printers working in Charleston, South Carolina 1763: printers established in 13 colonies
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PRESS/printer IN 17TH century

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Development of newspaper

After the beginning of 18th century nearly every printer want to be proprietor (owner) of a newspaper, for newspaper publishing. 1st newspaper On September 25, 1690, in Boston was Benjamin Harris Public Occurrences. (disallowed) Then in 1704 John Campbell founded the News-Letter, which lasted until the revolution
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1735 Boston alone had five newspapers, and other cities of the Atlantic seaboard were not far behind. 1750 the colonies were well provided with newspapers, published weekly and in some cases oftener.
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CONT......
Many of the early papers were partly literary in content. Ex: James Franklin > New England Click to edit Master subtitle style Courant (Mingled poems and humorous)
Thats journal to be entertaining, amusing and instructive.

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Founded in Boston on August 7, 1721 One of the oldest and the first truly independent American newspaper. It was the first American newspaper to use literary content and humorous essays.
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American Literariness Newspaper: The Boston EveningPost (August 18, 1735 April 24, 1775) The Virginia Gazette (1736 and 1780) The South Carolina Gazette (1732)
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Foreign-Language Newspaper
Christoper Sower and Heinrich Miller is the two achieved success foreign language papers in that era. (German language) Religious in sentiment, at Germantown and Philadelphia respectively.
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The Freedom of Expression (1734-1735) The freedom expression in the colonies made by John Peter Zenger. New York Weekly Journal, against the persecution by the governors party. John Peter made a great stir in all the colonies to defend liberty of speech and press. 4/13/12

Pulpit Forum
In 17th Century, a forum for learned exposition on religion, ethics, sociology, science, politics and any phase of the life of man.

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Century in 1703, a professional actors perform in the colonies presented in Charleston. in 1731, George Lillos presented sentimental drama, serially in the NewEngland Weekly Journal. (recommended readers on the ground that it tended to promote virtue and piety. >>But the whole theater was late in development, and its influence was 4/13/12 relatively unimportant in that period.

Informal Clubs and Discussion Groups helped to foster literary as well as scientific interest.

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Conclusion Although the colonial contribution was small, these busy settlers salvaged time for intellectual interest attached great importance to schools, books, libraries, and other influences above and beyond material considerations. Literary capacity was laid in the period before 1760.
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