Learning Outcome

At the end of the class, student should able to: a)Describe the characteristic of multiracial society in Malaysia. b)Explain the main ethnic groups in Malaysia and factors led to their presence in this country. c)Explain the changes in the society that give impact to the nation building

Definition of Society
society is a grouping of individual, which is characterised by____________ an organised group of people associated together for religious, cultural, political, patriotic etc In a society members can be from a different ethnic group

Definition of Society
Gerhand Lenski, a American sociologist differentiate societies based on their level of technology, economy and communication: a) _____________________- hunt for wild animal, gather the food b) _____________________- plant potato, yam, vegetable, corn etc for household need c) _____________________- commodities plant like cocoa, rubber, pepper (large scale) d) _______________- have factory to process the food, produce new products, use advance technology, etc.

Society in Malaysia
Multiracial / plural society According to ___________(an anthropologist), a)characterised by ethnic groups who live under one political unit (a country) but are not integrated. b)a group of people such as European, Chinese, Malays, Indian and native c)Each group practiced their own religion, culture and language, ideas and ways of life. d)They lived together but were divided _______ e)As individuals they meet, but only contact with each other in economic (buying and selling)

Characteristic of Malaysia Society

the physical separation, identification of ethnic by employment, lack of social contact. (British colonisation era) Diversity in language Diversity in culture Diversity in religion Diversity in festival celebration But, now it changing in moving in the direction of similarities.

 In 19th century, Chinese and Indian migrated to Malaya British had control over the politics and economy in Malaya until 2nd World War The migration caused the changes in the countrys demography and finally formed a multiracial society.

 Peninsular of Malaysia- Malay, Chinese, Indian, indigenous people and minority of Portuguese descent. Tribal communities a)Sarawak- Iban, Bidayuh, _______ , Kenyah, Kayan b) Sabah, Kadazandusun, _________,Rungus, Each ethnic group has its own sub-ethnic group e.g. a)Malay- Bugis, Banjar, Minangkabau, Jawa b)Chinese- Hokkien, Hakka, Hailam, Teochew c)Indian- Tamil, Telugu, Malayali

THE MALAYS
By definition of the Malaysian constitution, all Malays are a)____________, b)speak Malay language and

c)embraces Malay custom

They form the largest ethnic group in this country

THE MALAYS
Originated from Indonesia Archipelago Great migration in 19th century during British colonisation era. They were the Minangkabau, Javanese, Bugis, Banjar, Some are in Malacca since 14th century during Malay Sultanate of Malacca. They came as __________and __________ in European and Chinese rubber plantation

THE MALAYS
_________-majority consisted of coffee & rubber plantation workers _________- from Sumatra. Mainly in Malacca & Negri Sembilan. Known as Adat Perpatih followers. Involved in agriculture and business. _________- from Sulawesi Islands. Involved in business.

THE MALAYS
Factors that encouraged the migration:

a) _____________ Increasing of population cause a rate of poverty Variety taxes charges imposed upon them by Dutch colonisation b) Political instability in Indonesia. Dutch pressure and the hatred toward them c) Political stability in Malaya The tin ore and rubber industry growth in Malaya.

THE MALAYS ECONOMY

Involved in trading, fishing, farming, livestock farming, small businesses Poorest group Influence by: a) Occupation low productivity b) Living area Live in ___________ Live in backward states less exposed to same the same opportunity as other communities in urban area. less endowed with physical, social and economic amenities

THE MALAYS ECONOMY

c) Immigrant culture Emphasis the importance hard for survival in a foreign country Felt themselves left behind d) British policy Ultimately left the Malay in the rural area and involved in traditional economy activities Denied the Malay involvement in modern economic activities (participated by non Malay) under the excuse they did not want the __________ and traditions of the Malays people to be affected by modernisation.

THE MALAYS SOCIOCULTURAL

Malay live in the ________- strong social ties, and strict social control toward the behavioral of an individual. Has _________ family system. Family is important All Malay are Muslim but not all Muslim are Malay Malay are described as humble people, to be even tempered, able to control themselves

THE ABORIGINES(ORANG ASLI)

Orang Asli is defined in the Aboriginal Peoples Act (No. 134, 1954/1974) as a member of an aboriginal ethnic group (either by blood descent or by adoption), who speaks an aboriginal language and who habitually follows an aboriginal custom and belief. Divided into 3 racial stock : a) Senoi b) Negrito c) Aboriginal Malay 12 language spoken by Senoi community E.g: Temiar, Semai, Mah Meri, Che Wong, Jahut and Semaq Beri

THE ABORIGINES
Characteristic a) Negrito Oldest group. ( 25 000 years in Malay Peninsula) Small body frame (1.5m or less), dark colored skin, large nose, curly hair, Mainly in Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Pahang, Economic activities: cultivation and collecting forest products (rattan & gaharu) Live in edge of jungle and along banks of rivers

THE ABORIGINES
b) Characteristic Senoi Largest group (54%) Found in Perak, Kelantan, Selangor, Pahang and Trengganu, Taller than Negrito Lighter colour skin Practice _______________. But now more to permanent agriculture.(rubber, palm & cocoa farm) Settlement area at the _____- Far from coast

THE ABORIGINES
Characteristic Aboriginal Malay(Melayu Asli) 43% of the total the Aborigines population Found in Malacca, Pahang, Johore, Negri Sembilan and Selangor Body size larger and taller than Negrito, dark colored skin, straight and black hair Live in coast area-as fisherman, inland- farming (permanent agriculture) Settlement close to Malay villages c)

THE ABORIGINES
Overall, the economy activities based on agriculture They grow paddy, corn, tapioca, banana, yam, sweet potato and various kind of vegetables The hunt for animal and fishing and also collection of forest products They practice ________. Some even became Muslim and Christian.

OTHER INDIGENEOUS PEOPLE

non-Malay peoples of Malayo-Polynesian origins (e.g. Kadazandusun, Iban, Dayak, Melanau, etc.) denoted as bumiputra oldest inhabitants of Malaysia Mainly concentrated in Sabah and Sarawak Represent a majority in East Malaysia of Sabah and Sarawak. Make up more than half of Sarawak's population and about 66% of Sabah's.

THE IBAN
The largest of Sarawak's ethnic groups, form 30% of the state's population. Also known as ___________ because of their skill with boats. In the past, they were renowned for ______________ and piracy. Traditionally, they worship gods under the authority of Singalang Burung, the birdgod of war. Now mostly Christians, but they still practice many traditional customs.

THE KADAZAN DUSUN

The largest ethnic group of Sabah, form about 30% of the state's population. Actually consisting of two tribes; the Kadazan and the _________. They were grouped together as they both share the same language and culture. The Kadazan are mainly inhabitants of flat valley deltas, which are conducive to paddy field farming, while the Dusun traditionally lived in the hilly and mountainous regions of interior Sabah.

THE CHINESE
Most immigrants came from southern China, mostly (province of Fujian and Guangdong.) In the 19th century, many came as coolies work in tin mining and railway construction Some owned businesses. Some came by force, some came freely to work

THE CHINESE
The factors that led the Chinese migrate to Malaya: a) Difficulties living in China Rapid growth in population Frequent ______________, limited natural resources. b) Growth in tin and rubber industry in Malaya Expanding in rubber and tin industries created a need for labour c) Political stability in Malaya

THE CHINESE
d) Chinese population The people from Guangdong and Fujian are said to be hardworking and like travelling. Main cluster: Hokkien, Hakka, Teochew and Hailam Their characteristic a) Hokkien- businessman, shopkeeper b) Cantonese- miners, craftsman (carpenter, cobbler, iron smith) c) Hailam-restaurant owner, supplies household need d) Teochew shopkeeper, farmer

THE CHINESE SOCIOCULTURAL

Most Chinese are believe in Taoism and Buddhism but many of them are Christian now. Most of the culture based on Taosim and Buddhism The Chinese can be divided according the dialect group such as Hokkien, Hakka and Cantonese. The Mandarin is the official language The Chinese form the __________ largest ethnic group in Malaysia

THE CHINESE ECONOMY

Stereotype minded; Chinese are business minded Based on sub-ethnic group. E.g: Hokkien controlled rubber estates, Hainanese on coffee shop business But now, the differences slowly disappeared. They also involved in other field. E.g. doctor, lawyer, engineer, farmer etc

THE INDIAN
Mostly migrated from South India during the British colonisation of Malaya. Settled during the 19th century. brought by agent through contract system (3 years). Then it change to kangani system. _______________- supervisors of plantation labourers bring in worker from their village in India. No contract- but need to pay back expenses. Many worked in rubber estate, built the infrastructure or worked as administrators and small businessmen The Indians form the third largest ethnic group of Malaysia.

THE INDIAN
Factors that encouraged the migration of Indian: a)Difficulties living in India Land for agriculture and work opportunities were scarce Reason- rapid increase in population Natural disaster-farmer lost their land and in debt Difficult for employment for those who educated Caste system restrict the social mobility

THE INDIAN
b) Rapid economy development in Malaya Rubber industries need workers c) Encouragement from British government Encourage the migration of Indian to work in the plantation, civil service (clerical and technical) and construction (building and road) They concentrated in west of Malaya. E.g KL, Ipoh, Penang, Klang, Taiping

THE INDIAN
Malayan Indian Population a) Tamil largest ethnic group (80%) Work in rubber estates and oil palm plantation b) Malayali (7%) Consist the working and middle class Found in plantation and middle class clerical and professional employment Famous for their restaurant

THE INDIAN
c) Telugu (4%) Originated from Andhra Pradesh Mostly worked as labourers in plantation

THE INDIAN ECONOMY

Majority had low income, involve in low skill or unskilled occupation Mostly remained in the plantation economy as labourers Forced to migrate : prisoners who worked to build the railway, bridges and government buildings Voluntarily: worked in sugarcane, coffee and rubber plantation. Some own grocery, book and textile store and few in medical and legal profession.

THE INDIAN SOCIOCULTURAL

They can be differentiate in term of origin, language, caste and religion South Indian descent speak Tamil Their religion- Hinduism, Sikhism, Christian and Muslim

THE PUNJABI
Originating from the Punjab region. came to Malaysia in the 19th century as British political prisoners. A second wave was brought in by the British to serve as policemen for the British Straits Settlement communities and as night watchmen for industries. Also worked as police and railway station officers, security guard and rearing cow Extra reading material: http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file= /2008/4/29/north/21081336&sec=north

Changes in the society

Social a) education b) family institution c) lifestyle and custom (food, dress) d) belief e) social problem f) health g) worldview, attitude toward something

Changes in the society

Economic a) better economic growth b) decrease of poverty c) Better living condition Politic a)Calibre and strong leaders b)Various politic party to protect public interests c)Stability in the country through diplomatic relationship and open door policy

Changes in the society

Factor that leads to the changes: a)development in the country b) influence from western country c) opportunity for education d) globalisation- innovation in technology

Changes in the society

Impact for nation building:a)technology will make the communication easier b)big challenges as most of us influences by various culture (healthy and unhealthy)