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Dr. Pamela Alip Dr.

Ritu Lamichhane

a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction.

Cause is unknown Contemporary research implicates a combination of environmental exposures and inherent biological and genetic vulnerabilities

Parental asthma

allergy

Environmental tobacco smoke

Allergic rhinitis

Low birthweight

Food allergy

Male gender Atopic dermatitis

Lower respiratory tract infection

Intermittent dry coughing and/or expiratory wheezing are the most common chronic symptoms of asthma.
Older children and adults will report associated shortness of breath and chest tightness; Younger children are more likely to report intermittent, nonfocal chest pain. Respiratory symptoms can be worse at night

Others include: self-imposed limitation of physical activities, general fatigue (possibly due to sleep disturbance), and difficulty keeping up with peers in physical activities.

The presence of risk factors, such as a history of other allergic conditions, parental asthma, and/or symptoms apart from colds, supports the diagnosis of asthma.
The chest examination is often normal. In clinic, quick resolution (within 10 min) or convincing improvement in symptoms and signs of asthma with administration of a short-acting inhaled beta-agonist (SABA) is supportive of the diagnosis of asthma.

Pulmonary Function Tests Spirometry measures airflow limitation Generally, an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.80 indicates significant airflow obstruction.
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring devices provide a simple and inexpensive home-use tool to measure airflow and can be helpful in a number of circumstances

Chest Radiographs
(posteroanterior and lateral views) in children

with asthma often appear to be normal, aside from subtle and nonspecific findings of hyperinflation (flattening of the diaphragms) and peribronchial thickening.

ELIMINATE OR REDUCE PROBLEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES


Environmental tobacco smoke elimination or reduction In home and automobiles Allergen exposure elimination or reduction in sensitized

asthmatics Animal danders Pets (cats, dogs, rodents, birds) Pests (mice, rats) Dust mites Cockroaches Molds Other airway irritants Woodor coal-burning smoke Strong chemical odors and perfumes (e.g., household cleaners) Dusts TREAT CO-MORBID CONDITIONS Rhinitis Sinusitis Gastroesophageal reflux ANNUAL INFLUENZA VACCINATION (UNLESS EGGALLERGIC

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