Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3.
Brainstem Includes pons, midbrain and medulla Acts as relay center connecting cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
PARIETAL LOBE
Interprets
Cerebellum
Functions
Maintenance of equilibrium (responsible for maintaining the position of body in space) Control crude movement of the limbs Smooth performance of highly skilled voluntary movements of precision
Brainstem
Brainstem
Connects the spinal cord with the forebrain Consists of : medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain Serves 4 major functions: 1. Provides passage to various ascending and descending tracts that connect the spinal cord to the different parts of the forebrain 2. Contains important autonomic reflex centres (vital centres) associated with the control of respiration heart rate and blood pressure 3. Contains reticular activating system which controls consciousness 4. Contains important nuclei of the last ten cranial nerves (i.e. IIIrd to XIIth)
Thalamus - Sensory integration and relay station of all the sensory pathways except for the olfactory pathway, which is projected directly to the cerebral cortex without being relayed in the thalamus. - Influences voluntary movements by receiving impulses from basal ganglia and cerebellum and relaying them to the motor cortex, which in turn influences lower motor neurons through corticonuclear and corticospinal pathways. - lays a role in pain sensation, attention, maintenance of state of wakefulness and alertness, mood and memory.
Hypothalamus Autonomic control Endocrine control Neurosecretion by secreting vasopressin and oxytocin Regulation of food and water intake Emotional expression Regulates sexual behaviour and reproduction Temperature regulation Biological clock
Functional significance of circle of Willis: - Provides various alternative roots for collateral circulation like an arterial traffic circle