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Where [p] is the allowable pressure on the Nut for nut material.
Allowable bearing pressure is mentioned in the Table given below. So, knowing [p], determine
z from the expression (4) and then calculate H = z. s
Check: z 10 and H 2.5 d
1
Table 1: Allowable Bearing Pressure on the Nut [p]
Application Material [p] in MPa Sliding speed at at thread p.c.d.
(m/min)
Screw Nut
Hand Press STEEL BRONZE 15--22.5 Low speed, well lubricated
Screw Jack STEEL CI 10--15 Low speed < 2.5
BRONZE 10--15 Low speed <3
Horizontal
Screw
STEEL CI 4--5 Medium speed 6 ~ 12
BRONZE 5--9 Medium speed 6 ~ 12
Lead Screw STEEL BRONZE 1--1.5 High speed > 15
If the checks are not satisfied, then take the higher value of Screw dimensions from the
Data book and recalculate the height of the Nut
22
Sometimes this calculation is called calculation of unsqueezing the lubricant i.e., for
limiting the pressures on the surfaces of threads to such values at which the lubricant is not
squeezed out and ensures a long service life of a screw pair.
Step 4: Major stresses on Screw
2 3
1 1
2
2
. .
max
16 4
Compressive stress ;Shear stress,
Maximu shear stress (5)
2 2
where n = factor of safety and it is not less than 4 to 5.
d
c
c Y P
M Q
d d
n
o t
t t
o o
t t
= =
| |
= + s
|
\ .
Step 5: NUT Design
A phosphor bronze nut for the screw jack
A suitable material for the nut is phosphor
bronze, which is a Cu-Zn alloy with small
percentage of Pb and the yield stresses may be
taken as Yield stress in tension
ty
= 125MPa;
Yield stress in compression
cy
= 150MPa; Yield
stress in shear
y
= 105MPa Safe bearing
pressure p
b
= 15MPa. Considering that the load
is shared equally by all threads bearing failure
may be avoided using the expression in (4)
23
The nut threads are also subjected to crushing and shear.
Due to the screw loading the nut needs to be checked for tension and we may write
( )
| |
2 2
1 2
(6)
4
t t
Q
D d
|
o o
t
= s
Since the Nut is not only subjected to tension but also twisted moment M
d
, a correction
factor is used.
( )| |
2 2
2 1
Under Crushing (7)
4
c
D D Q
t
o =
| |
1
Under vertical shear, (8) Da Q t t =
Calculate a and it should not be less than 5-6mm.
24
Step 6: Buckling of the screw
Maximum portruded length of screw
= L = Lift + H/2
For bottom end fixed, top end free,
end-fixity condition c = 0.25
Radius of gyration k = 0.25d
1
2
2
Critical slenderness ratio
where = Yield point stress
Modulus of Elasticity of the screw material
cr y
y
L c E
k
E
t
o
o
| |
=
|
\ .
=
J. B. Johnson Formula of Short Column Eulers Formula of Long Column
( )
2
2
/
then Critical Load 1 (9)
4
cr
y
cr y
L L
If
k k
L k
P A
c E
o
o
t
| | | |
s
| |
\ . \ .
(
= (
(
( )
2
2
then Critical Load (10)
/
cr
cr
L L
If
k k
c EA
P
L k
t
| | | |
>
| |
\ . \ .
=
(3 ~ 4)
cr
P
Q
>
Check:
25
Step 7: Design of Lever
1
(11)
tan( ) (12)
2
(13)
2
Lever Support Thread
Thread
cm
Support
M M M
d
M Q
d
M Q
o
= +
| |
' = +
|
\ .
=
Here, M
support
is due to Cup and Pad. If there is any antifriction thrust bearing between the
Cup and Pad, then M
support
is considered as zero and M
Lever
= M
Thread
. It may be necessary to
provide such antifriction bearing, if the length of the lever comes out to be excessively
large. Once M
Lever
is calculated from eqn. (11), effort at the lever P
0
can be calculated as
0
, effective length of the lever.
Lever
d
d
M
P L
L
=
Take:
2 0 1
cm 0
(1.5 ~1.7) ; same as minor dia. d or less
0.5( )
D d D
d D D
'
= =
' = +
26
The length of the lever can be calculated by assuming the effort applied at the lever
end P
0
. One worker can produce a range of force between 20 to 40 Kg. Any value
within such range can be taken. If calculated Ld on such a basis (single worker) comes
out to be excessively large, two workers can be assumed with a reduction of force by a
factor 0.9.
Therefore, for two workers P
0
= 2 x 0.9 (20 to 40) kg.
If the length of the lever still comes out to be very large, in that case follow the
following steps.
Step A: Consider one worker with antifriction thrust bearing at Pad.
Step B: Two worker with anti-friction thrust bearing at Pad.
Lever diameter:
| |
3
32
Lever
d
M
d
t o
=
0 0 Lever
after calculation of actual L and P , calculate M
Lever d
M P L =
27
Problem 1: Design a screw jack for a lifting capacity of 7.5 ton with a lifting height of 250
mm. Use C-35 steel as a screw material and Phosphor Bronze as Nut material. Screw Jack
may be of bell-bottom shape.
Stress Type C-35 Steel Phosphor Bronze
YP
for tension 315 MPa 128 MPa
YP
for compression 315 MPa 114 MPa
YP
for shear 180 MPa 107 MPa
Step 1: Material Properties
As mentioned, for screw: C-35 steel and for Nut: Phosphor Bronze
Step 2: Selection of screw
Load capacity Q = 7.5 Ton = 73575 Newton. Since []
YP
for compression
Therefore, Minor Dia.
| |
| |
1
YP
4 4 73575 1.4
= 40.5mm
3.14 80
Considering = 80
factor of safety
Q
d
MPa
|
t o
o
o
> =
=
On the basis of minor diameter d
1
,
we select from standard tables,
d
1
=42mm, d
2
(major dia.) = 50
mm and s (pitch) = 8mm.
28
From this selected screw thread data, we can calculate the following
1 2
0
Mean dia. 0.5*( ) 46
Helix Angle tan( ) 3.1685
m
m
d d d mm
s
arc
d
t
= + =
= =
Step 3: Check for self locking
0
Friction Angle arctan( ) arctan(0.15) 8.53
Since Screw nut pair is self-locked.
= = =
>
Step 4: Check for screw stresses
2
1
3 3
1 1
2
2
max
max
4
Compressive stress 53.1
16 16 ( / 2) tan( )
Shear stress, 24.08
Maximu shear stress 35.84
2
Factor of safety (n) = 180/ 35.84 5.02 (Safe)
c
d m
c
YP
Q
MPa
d
M Q d
MPa
d d
MPa
shear
o
t
t
t t
o
t t
t t
= =
+
= = =
| |
= + =
|
\ .
= =
29
Step 5: Calculation of Nut Height
| |
| |
2 2
2 1
2 2 2 2
2 1
1
4
Total Load
( )
4 4 73575
8.48
( ) (50 42 ) 15
Take 9 Height of Nut = 72
Check: 2.5 2.5 42 105
Q
p
d d z
Q
z
d d p
z H z s mm
H d mm
t
t t
= s
> = =
= = =
s = =
It is verified that the chosen thread form may be accepted. However, for proper wear
compensation, we can modify the thread form slightly to a modified square thread. This will
facilitate slight wear compensation and also enhance load capacity because of more real root
area than the original square thread.
Note: Such thread forms have all the advantages of square thread with additional benefit of
wear compensation in the Nut and enhanced load capacity.
Step 6: Nut Design
| |
| |
| |
2
1 2
2
2 1
1
4
76.0
4
Collar Dia. 90.0
Collar thickness a 7.703 8.0
c
c
Q
D d mm
Q
D D mm
Q
mm mm
D
|
t o
t o
t t
= + =
> + =
> = =
30
Step 7: Buckling of the screw
Maximum portruded length of screw = L = Lift + H/2=250+72/2=286mm
Radius of gyration k = 0.25d
1
=10.5mm
2 2 5
Slenderness ratio 286/10.5 27.24
2 2 0.25 2.1 10
Critical slenderness ratio 57.36
315
Since Use J. B. Johnson Formula of Short Column
cr y
cr
L
k
L c E
k
L L
k k
t t
o
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
= = =
|
\ .
| | | |
<
| |
\ . \ .
( )
2
2
/
Critical Load 1 387075
4
y
cr y
L k
P A N
c E
o
o
t
(
= = (
(
387075/ 73575 5.26(Safe, since (3 ~ 4))
cr
P
Q
= = >
Check:
Note: If this check fails, take the next higher screw dimensions from the standard or
reduce the lift.
31
Step 7: Design of Lever
( )
( )
1
2 tan( ) 73575 (46/ 2) tan(3.1685 8.53) 350396.78N-mm
2 0.25 (73575/ 2) (80 20) / 2 367800 N-mm
350396.78 367800 = 718200 N-mm (approx.)
Thread
Support c cm
Lever Support Thread
M Q d
M Q d
M M M
o
' = + = + =
= = + =
= + = +
0
Approximate length of the lever 718200/ 400 1790 1.79 .
Lever
d
M
L mm m
P
= = = =
2
0 1 cm 0
Consider (1.5 ~1.7) 75 ~ 85 80
same as minor dia. d or less = 20mm; 0.5( ) 50
D d mm mm
D d D D mm
' = = =
' = = + =
Note: Considering maximum force by a single human worker as 400N
The calculated length is excessively large/long and therefore, second option anti-friction
thrust bearing may be provided over the pad of the screw, so that M
support
= 0
0
d
So length of the lever 350396.75/ 400 876
Total length of the lever = L + 0.5 D + Gripping allowance = 876 + 40 + 150 = 1066 mm
Lever
d
M
L mm
P
= = =
'
| |
3
3
32 32 400 1066
Lever Dia. 30.707 32
150
Lever
d
M
d mm mm
t o t
> = = =
Note: High value of allowable stress chosen as the lever becomes weakest portion.
32
Note: A required length of lever approaching 2000mm may be considered to be excessively
long because such a Screw Jack will require more free-space for its operation. Normally
such free-spaces are not available in situations where screw jack finds application. A lever
rod which comes out to be very small should also be disregarded on the ground that
operator may find difficulty in providing the force that has been assumed in the calculation.
Application Coefficient of Friction ()
For high-grade materials and workmanship and for well
run-in and lubricated threads
0.10
For average quality material, workmanship and conditions
of operation
0.125
For poor quality material and workmanship and for newly
machined surfaces which are indifferently lubricated and
which have slow motion
0.15
Coefficient of friction for starting conditions may be taken as 1.333 times the value for
running conditions
Coefficient of collar friction may be taken as the same as for thread friction
Problem 1: Design a screw jack for a lifting capacity of (5+X/10) ton with a lifting height of
(200 + 10*X) mm. Use C-35 steel as a screw material and Phosphor Bronze as Nut material.
Screw Jack may be of bell-bottom shape. Here, X = Your Roll Number.
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