Hydropower

Hydropower makes us wet!

Reporters Diaz, Rudolf Ecot, Josa Marie Oliveros, Louelamie Lagdamat, Raymund Lamanilao, Juphil
The HYDROPOWERS

Manon-og, Alona Amor Sumampong Geraldine

Whats Inside? Introduction: General Facts & Figures

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Greek

HyDrO

HYDROPOWER
is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water.

Water

HYDROPOWER

Hydropower

Contents
ENERGY FROM FALLING WATER
History of Hydropower

How Hydropower Works Attributes of Hydropower

Forms of Hydropower Sizes of Hydro Plants

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Hydropower

Contents
ENERGY FROM FALLING WATER
Types Of Hydropower Plants

Major Components Types of Hydro plant TURBINES

Hydro Turbine Parameters Cost Hydroelectric Power Pant (Philippines)

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History of Hydropower
Saqia - a wheel used by the Persians to

raise water from a river to higher place. 250 BC, water power was used as a clock. 80 BC, the Antipater of Thessalonica wrote, "Cease your work, ye maids who labour at the mill . . . for Ceres has commanded the waternymphs to perform your task." The work of grinding grains such as corn was automated by water power. 762 AD, water mills became popular by the Saxons in England. A millwright traveled the countryside and fixed broken mills.
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History of Hydropower
1086 AD, the Domesday survey found that

there were more than 5000 mills.

1400 1500, iron works exploited the power of

the water to cool the blast furnace. In Sheffield and Sussex, England iron works were employed next to the water.
1581, Peter Morise installed a water wheel

under the old London Bridge. It worked on the ebb and flood tides, meaning it was reversible.

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Hydropower

History of Hydropower
1086 AD, the Domesday survey found that there

were more than 5000 mills.

1824, the Catrine cotton mill used a water wheel

and through gearing shafting and belting achieved 9000 rev/s.

1838, 28 Tide mills existed in England even

though the era of steam engines was beckoning.

demonstrated at the Exposition in Munich with direct current of 2400 volts The first central hydroelectric station of a capacity of 250 lights was installed in Appleton, Wisconsin.

1882, the transmission of hydroelectric power was

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Hydropower

History of Hydropower
1883, a hydro-electric plant was developed at

Portrush in Ireland.

1885, also in Ireland, a 65 horsepower turbine was

opened for the Bessbrook and Newry railway.

1900, Oliver Evans developed a completely water

powered mill that handled everything from unloading sacks of grain to packing flour in turbines.
implemented and extremely utilized.

2000, water power is becoming highly

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Hydropower

A renewable ENERGY source

Hydropower is the leading source of renewable energy.

Provides more than 97% of all electricity generated by renewable sources.

Other sources account for less than 3% of renewable electricity production.

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A renewable ENERGY source

is it renewable?

The fall and movement of The water on water is part of The sun provides the earth is a continuous the water by continuously natural cycle evaporation from replenished by called the the sea, and will precipitation. keep on doing so. hydrologic cycle.
Hydrologic Cycle

Why

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Hydropower

How Hydropower Works

Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A dam impounds water to form a reservoir and raises the water level to create head. Reservoir Turbine Power

Water from the reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine.

Turbine is connected to a generator.

Power
generated is transmitted over power lines.

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Attributes
Advantages :

Emissions-free, with virtually no CO2,NOx, SOx, hydrocarbons, or particulates.

Renewable resource with high conversion efficiency to electricity ( 80+ %). Dispatchable with storage capability.

Scalable from 10 kWe to 10,000 MWe Low operating and maintenance costs Long lifetime 50+ years typical
Left as blank

Usable for base load, peaking, and pumped storage applications

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Attributes
Disadvantages :

Frequently involves impoundment of large amounts of water with loss of habitat due to land inundation

Health impacts in developing countries High initial capital costs Long lead time in construction of mega-sized projects

Variable output dependent on rainfall and snowfall

Impacts on river flows and aquatic ecology, including fish migration and oxygen depletion

Social impacts of displacing indigenous people

Left as blank

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Forms Of Hydropower
usually referring to hydroelectric dams, or runof-the-river setups.
Water wheels Hydroelec tricity Damless hydro

impacts which creates vortices which can then be tapped for energy

Vortex power

used for hundreds of years to power mills and machinery

which captures the kinetic energy in rivers, streams and oceans

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Forms Of Hydropower
which uses the energy in waves which captures the kinetic energy from marine currents.
Marine current power Ocean thermal energy conversion which exploits the temperature difference between deep and shallow waters.
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Tidal power

Wave power

Osmotic power

which captures energy from the tides in horizontal direction

which channels river water into a container separated from sea water by a semipermeable membrane.

Hydropower

Sizes of Hydropower Plants

Pico HP - Up to 10kW, remote areas away from the grid More than 100 MW feeding into a large electricity grid 15 - 100 MW usually feeding a grid Capacity above 1MW
Small HP
Large

Medium HP Mini HP

Capacity 300kW to 1MW Capacity 0kW to 300kW

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Micro HP

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Types Of Hydropower Plants

Hydro plants can be classified according to water
flow/storage characteristics

Impound ment

Diversion

Pump storage

Types
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Major Components
above the rest of the dam structure.

Reservoir Water in the reservoir is located at the height

built at location where the height of the river is sufficiently high so as to get maximum possible potential energy from water.

Damn

Inlet water ways

Passages through which is conveyed from dam to power house. A building that houses turbines, generators and other auxiliaries .

Powerhouse

Trail race

A passage for discharging water leaving the turbine

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Major Components
Penstock - closed
pressure pipes

Inlet water ways

include

Tunnel made
by cutting mountains

Tunnel Spillways

Spillways provide discharge of surplus water

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Types of Hydro plant TURBINES

contains a runner that has water passages through it formed by curved vanes or blades having an output of 750 MW.
Reaction

Pelton turbines are suited to high head, low flow applications.

Impulse

Kaplan turbines are well suited to situations in which there is a low head and a large amount of discharge.
Reaction

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Hydro Turbine Parameters

Discharge P = Power Q = Rate of water flow H = head Add Your Text = efficiency

Efficiency

P=n xgxQxH

POWER

Head

N P N s 5/ 4 H
N = Turbine speed

Specific Speed

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Cost
Nuclear Fossil fuel 50% the cost of nucl ear Hydropower is an efficient way to generate electricity. Modern hydro turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity.

Natural 40% gas the

25% the cost natur al gas

cost of fossil fuel

The best fossil fuel plants are only about 50% efficient.

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Hydroelectric Power Pant

(Philippines)

Escudero Hydroelectric Power Plant

1. The First and Oldest
It was built in 1937. located at Villa Escudero Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines.

2. Purpose
it generated power for the Escudero coconut plantation.

3. What else?
composed of 2 hydro units; a 75 kW (located below the 1937 unit) and a 37.5 kW plant (located 700meters down

river).

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Whats inside?(a closer look)

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References
General Facts 01 02 03 04 05 06
http://www.wik ipedia.org
http://new.wvic.com/i ndex.php?option=com_c ontent&task=view&id=7 http://www.hydropower. org/publications/leaflets _and_factsheets.html
http://library.thinkquest.or g/17658/hydro/hydhistoryh t.html

Video/animation 07 08 09 10 11 12
http://www.youtu be.com
http://www.eas.asu.e du/~holbert/eee463/ hydroelectric.html
http://www.ucopenaccess.org/co urses/APEnvSci/course%20files/ multimedia/lesson68/animations/ 4e_hydroelectric_power.html

OTHERS:

Philippine HP

13 14 15 16 17 18

http://www.pei.net. ph/escudero.html http://www.jcmiras. net/surge/p77.htm http://www.powertechnology.com/proje cts/sanlorenzo/ http://www.napocor .gov.ph

http://www.industcards.co m/hydro-philippines.htm

http://science.howstu ffworks.com/hydropow er-plant1.htm http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ kids/energy.cfm?page=hyd ropower_home-basics

http://techalive.mtu.edu /meec/demo/Hydroelect ricDam.html http://ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/hyhowworks.html http://earthguide.ucsd.e du/earthguide/diagrams/ watercycle/index.html

http://www.metts.com.a u/bataan-nuclear-ps.html

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Hydropower makes me WET!

HyDrO

Water

HYDROPOWER

Hydropower

Impoundment (storage/reservoir plant)

Impoundment HP Plant, Ashland, NH

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Diversion (Run-of-river plant)

Diversion HP plant, Campton, NH

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Pump Storage Plant

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Hydro Plant: reservoir

Kenyir Bersia

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Hydro plant: Dams

Kenyir

Bersia

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Hydro plant: Tunnel

Pergau

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Hydro plant: Spillways

Pergau

Temengor

Kenyir

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Hydro plant: Turbine-generator

Woh : Generator

Pergau : turbine pit

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Hydro plant: Pelton turbine

Sg. Piah

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Hydro plant: Francis turbine

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Hydro plant: Kaplan turbine

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An overshot water wheel standing 42 feet high powers the Old Mill at Berry College in Rome, Georgia, USA. (waterwheel)

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The Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydroelectric power station in the world.
(hydroelectricity)

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The nations first commercial hydrokinetic turbine has splashed into the waters of the Mississippi River near Hastings, Minnesota. (damless
hydro)

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An array of VIVACE converters on the ocean floor, pioneered by a team at the University of Michigan which stands for Vortex Induced Vibrations Aquatic Clean Energy. (vortex power)

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The world's first commercial axial turbine tidal stream generator SeaGen in Strangford Lough. The strong wake shows the power in the tidal current. (tidal power)

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Norwegian energy utility Statkraft build the world's first osmotic power plant, using the natural process of osmosis to produce clean energy. The plant works by separating sea water and fresh water using a membrane which draws fresh sea water through it, increasing pressure on one side to produce power.
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(osmotic power)

Hydropower

The HydroWing is a marine current turbine power system which operates anchored, submerged at a variable depth, and is capable of operating in depths of up to 150 meters.

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View of a land based OTEC facility at Keahole Point on the Kona coast of Hawaii

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Other Existing HP plant

Agus V

(Philippines)

Agus II

Maria Cristina

HP Phils.

Agus VII

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Other Existing HP plant

Bacun AC ILocus Norte

(Philippines)

Casecnan River Nueva Viscaya

HP Phils.

Mahagnao

Burauen, Leyte

Pulangui IV Bukidnon
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