Submitted by Sumit Kumar Regd. No. : 10804016 B.

tech (ECE) E38E1 RE38E1A12

Under the Guidance of Er. Komal Arora Dept. of ECE

Introduction
Worldwide interoperability Wi-max is the trade name of IEEE 802.16 standard Goal of WIMAX Infrastructure of Wi-MAX

Wi-max tower
Wi-max receiver

Background Wi-fi issues Benefits Of Wi-MAX Speed Wireless Broad coverage Benefits to Service Providers Benefits to Customers

Uses

What is Wi-MAX?
Specifications of Wi-MAX Wi-MAX/Wi-Fi Synergies Wi-MAX/Wi-Fi

synergies enable integration of both wireless

technologies into notebooks and mobile devices

Specifications of Wi-MAX

Transmitter

Reed-Solomon Encoder
Constructing a polynomial from the data symbols to be transmitted Sending an oversampled version of the polynomial instead of the original

symbols

Convolution encoding is a process of adding redundancy to a

signal stream
A convolution encoder accepts messages of length k0 bits and

generates code words of N0 bits

Puncturing Process The process of systematically deleting bits from the output stream

Scatter error bursts Reduce the error concentration to be corrected Implemented by using a two-dimensional array buffer

Modulation scheme are used to map coded bits The bits are mapped to a subcarrier amplitude and phase

Downlink and uplink are composed using training sequences All derived from frequency domain sequence PSHORT, used for synchronization The second OFDM symbol for channel estimation

IEEE 802.16
Range- 30 miles from base station Speed- 70 Megabits per second Frequency bands- 2 to 11 and 10 to 66 Defines both MAC and PHY layer

 802.16a

Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz. Supports Mesh network

802.16b

Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz. Provides Quos( for real time voice and video service)
802.16c

Represents a 10 to 66GHz.
802.16d

Improvement and fixes for 802.16a

802.16e

Addresses on Mobile. Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communications with users moving at vehicular speeds

MAC (Data Link) Layer

MAC layer consists of three sub layers: Service Specific Convergence Sub-layer (MAC CS) The MAC Common Part Sub-layer (MAC CPS) and The privacy sub-layer
Physical Layer
IEEE 802.16 specified a physical layer operating in the 10 to 66 GHz

range. 802.16a, updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004, added specifications for the 2 to 11 GHz range. 802.16-2004 was updated by 802.16e-2005 in 2005 and uses scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (SOFDMA) as opposed to the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) version with 256 sub-carriers (of which 200 are used) in 802.16d.

Scalability - The 802.16 standard supports flexible radio frequency (RF)

channel bandwidths. The standard supports hundreds or even thousands of users within one RF channel. As the number of subscribers grow the spectrum can be reallocated with process of sectoring. Quality of Service - Primary purpose of QOS feature is to define transmission ordering and scheduling on the air interface.These features often need to work in conjunction with mechanisms beyond the air interface in order to provide end to end QoS. Range It is Optimized for up to 50 Km and designed to handle many users spread out over kilometres. Also it has been designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0 seconds. PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in mind. Coverage - Standard supports mesh network topology and optimized for outdoor NLOS performance.Also standard supports advanced antenna techniques.

Technologies using DSSS (802.11b, CDMA) and other wide band technologies are very susceptible to multipath fading, since the delay time can easily exceed the symbol duration, which causes the symbols to completely overlap (ISI). The use of several parallel sub-carriers for OFDMA enables much longer symbol duration, which makes the signal more robust to multipath time dispersion

This type of fading affects certain frequencies of a transmission and can result in deep fading at certain frequencies. One reason this occurs is because of the wide band nature of the signals. When a signal is reflected off a surface, different frequencies will reflect in different ways. In Figure below, both CDMA (left) and OFDMA (right) experience selective fading near the center of the band. With optimal channel coding and interleaving, these errors can be corrected. CDMA tries to overcome this by spreading the signal out and then equalizing the whole signal. OFDMA is therefore much more resilient to frequency selective fading when compared to CDMA.

Wi-MAX, more flexible and secure Terminal authentication by exchanging certificates to prevent

rogue devices, User authentication using the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), Data encryption using the Data Encryption Standard (DES) or Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), both much more robust than the Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) initially used by WLAN. Furthermore, each service is encrypted with its own security association and private keys.

An important and very challenging function of the WiMAX system is the

support of various advanced antenna techniques, provide high spectral efficiency, capacity, system performance, and reliability: Beam forming using smart antennas provides additional gain to bridge long distances or to increase indoor coverage; it reduces inter-cell interference and improves frequency reuse, Transmit diversity and MIMO techniques using multiple antennas take advantage of multipath reflections to improve reliability and capacity. Wi-MAX technology can provide coverage in both LOS and NLOS conditions. Furthermore, Wi-MAX has many optional features, such as ARQ, sub-channeling, diversity, OFDM technology, adaptive modulation and error correction. and space-time coding that will prove invaluable to operators wishing to provide quality and performance that rivals wire line technology.

Advantages Single station can serve hundreds of users. Much faster deployment of new users comparing to wired networks. Speed of 10 Mbps at 10 kilometers with line-of-site. It is standardized, and same frequency equipment should work together. It has the capacity to offer different types of services in one platform
Many think that the tower becomes overloaded due to high number of

requests from users but wi-max has an inner built algorithm which transfers the user to another wi-max tower. Wi-Max is a globally accepted, technically capable, and industry-wide supported standard. The emergence of Wi-Max has opened up the solution to many of the problems faced by Wi-Fi because, Wi-Max cover tens of miles unlike Wi-Fi that is restrictive to the surroundings and resources. Through Wi-Max wireless networking is possible through longer distances. Wi-Max can run in licensed and non licensed frequencies. It has the capacity to offer different types of services in one platform.

1) Line of sight is needed for more distant connections. 2) Bad weather conditions such as rain could interrupt the signal. 3) Other wireless equipment could cause interference. 4) Multiplied frequencies are used. 5) Wi-MAX is a very power-consuming technology and requires significant electrical support.

6) High installation and operational cost.

One can easily access the network at any place any time. It got its easily

and efficient accessibility in the basement. Built for the future, Wi-MAX technology will allow one to connect in more places, more often, without being restricted to hotspots. Intel is providing advancements in wireless mobile technology for the future of notebooks and a wide range of consumer devices. The IEEE 802.16 standard body members are working toward incremental evolution, from fixed operation to portability and mobility. IEEE 802.16f and IEEE 802.16g task groups are addressing the management interfaces for fixed and mobile operation. In a fully mobile scenario users may be moving while simultaneously engaging in a broadband data access or multimedia streaming session.

The latest developments in the IEEE 802.16 group are driving a broadband wireless access evolution, thanks to a standard with unique technical characteristics. "Always Best Connected" experience.

The combination of these capabilities makes Wi-MAX attractive for a wide diversity of people: fixed operators, mobile operators and wireless ISPs, but also for many vertical markets and local authorities.
WLANs and 3G cellular networks are experiencing several difficulties for reaching a complete mobile broadband access, bounded by factors such as bandwidth,

coverage area, or infrastructure costs. In this context, Wi-MAX appears to fulfil these requirements, providing vehicular mobility and high service areas and data rates. This term paper is devoted to study the implementation of Wi-MAX system and implementation of its transmitter and receiver through MATLAB software is achieved.

THANKYOU..ANY QUERIES???