PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Prior Merdeka Post Independence Architecture Malaysian Architectural Identity Revivalism Metaphor Machine Functionalism Modernistic Expressionism Primitive Regionalism

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

The British Raj Style

Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

The British Raj Style

Buildings in India

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul Empire
Taj Mahal

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul Empire
16th and 17th Century

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul Empire
16th and 17th Century

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Moorish
Cordoba Mosque, Cordoba, Spain

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Byzantine
Byzantine Empire

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

The British Raj Style

Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad
I then decided on the Mahometan style to reflect the Islamic mores of the country. CE Spooner to Charles Norman

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

The British Raj Style

Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

The British Raj Style

Railway Station, Kuala Lumpur, 1911

An early picture of Kuala Lumpur railway station, the citys oldest railway station. Built in 1910, forming the central point of Malayas rail transport system. Designed by A. B. Hubback, who was responsible for many of the buildings around Dataran Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur. Hubback created a unique Moorish/ colonial building style, featuring arches, domes, and minarets

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

The British Raj Style

Railway Station, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Kapitan Kling Mosque, Georgetown, Penang

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Kapitan Kling Mosque, Georgetown, Penang

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Ubudiah Mosque, Kuala Kangsar

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Syed Alwi Mosque in Kangar, Perlis

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Zahir Mosque in Alor Setar, Kedah

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Masjid Jamek in Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Masjid Jamek in Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Mogul influences on mosques

Masjid Jamek in Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Western Influence influences on mosques

Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque in Johore Bahru, 1892

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Western Influence influences on mosques

Jamek Mosque in Muar, Johor, 1925

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Western Influence influences on mosques

Jamek Mosque in Muar, Johor, 1925

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Evolution of Mosque
Changes in Mosque Style

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
1950s photograph of shophouses along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Art Deco Buildings

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Art Deco Buildings

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Oriental Building, Kuala Lumpur, Clock Tower, Medan Pasar, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Odeon Cinema, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Anglo-Oriental Building (Wisma Ekran), Kuala Lumpur

Shanghai Plaster Steel frame windows with green cast gass

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Art Deco Bungalow, Northam Road, Penang

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Art Deco
Central Market, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

August 31, 1957 MERDEKA

Independence Celebration at Merdeka Square

Post Independence
Modernistic Expressionism, Modern Revivalism

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Post Independence
Modernism / International Style

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Le Corbusier
Assembly Building- Modernistic Expressionism

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Post Independence
Modernistic Expressionism / International Style

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Post Independence Modernistic Expressionism-

National Mosque, 1965

Evolution of Mosque

Decorative elements were added during refubishment

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism
Parliament House, Kuala LUmpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism
Parliament House, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism
Federal Building, Petaling Jaya and Federal House, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism with legacy of Art Deco

Jalan Yap Ah Loy, Kuala Lumpur, Great Eastern Assurance Building, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism with legacy of Art Deco

The former Sime Darby Building, Jln Ampang, KL,

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism with legacy of Art Deco

The Harrison + Crossfield Building, KL

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism
Loke Yew Building, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modernism
Bank Negara, Penang

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

Modern Vernacular Revivalism

National Museum, Kuala Lumpur

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

New Satellite Town

Petaling Jaya

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

New Satellite Town

Petaling Jaya

PRIOR + POST INDEPENDECE

MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE IDENTITY

New Satellite Town

Petaling Jaya

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

During early 1980s, increasing urban migration & a rising middle-class population resulted - demand for mass residential housing. The typologies Low-cost Houses Flats Medium-cost Linkhouses

Apartments
High-end Bungalows Luxury Condominiums

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

THE LINKHOUSE / TERRACE HOUSE The typical form of housing in Malaysia Single or double-storey. Each house unit occupies a rectangular lot with a land area between 130 and 170 square metres.

With spatial constraints, the planning is usually predictable and mundane: deep living spaces a small rear kitchen bedrooms with toilets on the upper floors

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

A typical housing estate is made up of a grid-like network of infrastructure, comprising a main ring road and several feeder roads. linearly arranged back to back (with a service lane in between). Despite the adequate infrastructure, the design of many housing estates does not always conform to the practical needs of the average resident.

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

Shortcomings in the design of the average linkhouse result of factors such as by law limitations and restrictive land codes.

Car porch is not always large enough to fulfil its function due to setback rules
Small, dry kitchen space often necessitates ad hoc extensions

Garden space in front usually leaves little room for soft landscaping.

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

The typologies of typical terrace house are not necessarily moulded by the social and economic needs of a typical Malaysian family. Derived from the planning of the 18th-century shophouses in Penang and Melaka, the deep designs of the typical units often result in a lack of adequate daylight and natural ventilation in the inner spaces. Various regulations were imposed under the 1984 Uniform Building Bylaws to ensure that clerestory windows and high-volume spaces were incorporated in the design to circumvent these inadequacies. Most, however, were implemented purely to satisfy the by-law in requirements without any serious thought to the practicality and workability of such elements.

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

LOW-COST HOUSING Provision of low-cost housing has long been an important factor in residential development in Malaysia.

Relatively low profits to be gained, developers have not put as much effort into this sector as into the medium and high-end sectors.
The search for a solution which meets the need for cheap houses which are, at the same time, socially acceptable.

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

Early low cost flat

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

CONDOMINIUM LIVING Urban Malaysians are attracted to condominium living because of such factors as privacy, quiet surroundings, security and exclusivity. Especially favoured are private, low or high rise apartment units with recreational facilities, security surveillance and choice-address locations. Condominiums are marketed on the basis of their design styles, which are purported to reflect different architectural periods in the West.

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

CONDOMINIUM LIVING Many designs, however, appear cosmetic and many are inappropriate in the Malaysian context. Imposition of such a Western concept on the Malaysian way of life inevitably takes its toll. The drying of laundry has to be done on a balcony Wall-mounted air-conditioning compressor units appear like pimples on building facades.

LARGE-SCALE HOUSING IN MALAYSIA

CONDOMINIUM LIVING The concern of architects and developers to provide a healthy social setting for condominium dwellers, with maximum interaction between residents, has resulted in designs which feature apartments clustered around swimming pools, barbecue pits and tennis courts. Construction work for apartments in hilly areas has resulted in the polluting of water catchments areas and the siltation of hill stations and, in the worst cases, has caused buildings to collapse. Never theless, condominium living is likely to increase to cater to Malaysias ever growing middle-class population.