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*His experiments brought forth two generalizations which later became known as Mendel's Laws of Heredity or Mendelian inheritance. his paper "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" that was read to the Natural History Society of Brunn on February 8 and March 8, 1865, and was published in 1866.
the prevailing theory of biological inheritance was that of blending inheritance, in which the sperm and egg of parent organisms contained a sampling of the parent's "essence" and that they somehow blended together to form the pattern for the offspring.
The most important principle of Mendel's law of independent assortment is that the emergence of one trait will not affect the emergence of another.
1. For each character, an organism inherits two genes, one from each parent. This means that when somatic cells are produced from two gametes, one allele comes from the mother, one from the father.
1. If the two alleles differ, then one, the dominant allele, is fully expressed in the organism's appearance; the other, the segregate during gamete production. This is the last part of Mendel's generalization. The two alleles of the organism are separated into different gametes, ensuring variation.
MONOHYBRID CROSS
hybridization using a single trait with two alleles A cross between two individuals identically heterozygous at one gene pair for example, Aa x Aa.
DIHYBRID CROSS
A cross between two individuals identically heterozygous at two loci for example, AaBb/AaBb.
Example of a Cross
The following dihybrid cross involves two true breeding pea plants, where two factors are looked at, the shape of the seed and the colour of the seed.