By: Ruby Grace L.

Reoma

Outline
Definition of Robotics Laws of Robotics Components
Structure Power source Actuation Sensing Manipulation Locomotion

Advantages Future Prospect

What is Robotics?
The word Robotics is used to collectively define a field in engineering that covers mimicking of various human characteristics Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and applications of robots.
(wikipedia)

What a Robot can mean?

An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home An automatic toy car for a child to play with A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more..

Robotics
The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical, and Computer Science Engineering
Autonomous Robots Manual

Asimovs Laws of Robotics:

A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such order would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Examples

Why Robotics?
Speed It can work hazardous / dangerous environment. To perform repetitive task Efficiency Accuracy Adaptability

Types of Robots
(on the basis of Degree of Autonomy)
Stationary these robots remain in one place Ground these robots are mobile Underwater also called Autonomous Underwater
Vehicles; these robots are designated to operate underwater

Aerial also called Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Microgravity robots designed to operate in lowgravity environments

Stationary Robots

Robotic Arm

Computerized machines

Robotic Arm

Ground Robots

Underwater Robots

Aerial Robots

Microgravity Robots

Components of ROBOTS
Structure Power Source Actuation Sensing Manipulation Locomotion

Structure
The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain. The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.

Power Supply
Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry Typical power requirement ranges form 3v to 24v DC 220 AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine Batteries can also be used to run robots Robots are driven by different motors: DC Motors Stepper Motors Servo Motors

 DC Motors
o As the name suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power o Can run in both directions o Speed controllable

 Stepper Motors
o Used for measured rotation o Can be held at a particular position of the shaft o Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

 Servo Motors
o Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the controlled variable o An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself.

Actuation
Actuators are the muscles of a robot, the parts which covert stored energy into movement. The most popular actuators are electric motors

Manipulation
Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. Thus the hands of a robot are often referred to as the end effectors, while the arm is referred to as the manipulator. Some manipulators are:
Mechanical Grippers Vacuum Grippers General Purpose effectors

Locomotion
It is concerned with the motion of the robot Types of Locomotion of a robot:
Rolling Walking Climbing Snaking Flying

Advantages
Revolution in Medical Science and Health Care systems New and wide scope in Education and Training. A good help in Nuclear industry Used tremendously in Sports activities Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences. Can very well handle household business.

Future Prospects
Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019. Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans. In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own. The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.