Sumedh Desai - 0815095 Somil Rambhiya - 0815097

The Mumbai Suburban Railway system, carries more than 6.9 million commuters on a daily basis. It has one of the highest passenger densities of any urban railway system in the world. Due to the geographical spread of the population and location of business areas, the rail network is the principal mode of mass transport in Mumbai. Over 72, 12 rake EMUs (Electric Multiple Units) run in between Borivali-Churchgate and Thane-CST during peak hours. The Suburban Railway system operates on 1500 V DC / 25000 V AC power supply from overhead lines.

Problem Statement

 A bulk of the current fleet of both the Western and Central railways feature old rakes which are capable of a maximum speed of 85 km/h in regular service. The current coaches introduced recently, are built of stainless steel, and have non-cushioned seats, emergency fluorescent lights, windows with polycarbonate lookout glass, better suspension systems and a roof mounted forced ventilation system, station indicators in all coaches, GPS based Public information system in all coaches. Total cost of this project is 5,300 crore. The Tare Weight of a single coach is 37 tonnes.

 Payload per coach during peak hour is 28 tonnes. Length breadth and height of a single coach are 22m, 3.66m and 3.22m respectively. As Mumbai's population swelled from a heavy inflow of migrants in recent decades, frequent overcrowding has become a serious issue. Traffic at peak hour is around 3,45,600 people. Due to its extensive reach across Mumbai, and its intensive use by the local urban population, the Mumbai Suburban Railway suffers from some of the most severe overcrowding in the world.

 Over 4,500 passengers are packed into a 9-car rake during peak hours, as against the rated carrying capacity of 1,700. This has resulted in what is known as Super-Dense Crush Load of 14 to 16 standing passengers per square meter of floor space. More than 3,500 people die on the Mumbai suburban railway tracks annually due to unsafe riding on trains or trespassing on railway tracks. Mumbai's local railway network was one of the deadliest in the world, a record 17 people died every weekday on the city's suburban railway network in 2008 .

Aim:
To provide affordable, quick, efficient and comfortable mode of transportation.

Abstract This project goes a long way to solve the many problems that plague the railway transport system. continuous The new system proposes 2 separate
although concentric circular tracks long enough to cover the entire area of the present railway system. A parallel continuous circular platform shall be constructed on the inside of the two tracks. One continuous train, joining itself and forming a circle, equal in length to the circumference of the tracks will run on each of the 2 tracks. The train operating on the outermost track will run continuously for the entire duration of the working day and night.

 This train runs at a uniform speed of 100kmph. However the train running on the inside track will stop along the platform for a duration of 30 s then accelerate to a speed of 100kmph thereby making the relative velocity between the two trains zero.

 This state of motion with zero relative velocity enables the automatic doors on both the trains to latch together, while the passengers shift from one train to the other.

This operation lasts for 30s after which the doors disengage and the intermediate train decelerates to a stop so as to allow the passengers to alight at their respective destinations. The intermediate train repeats this cycle continuously throughout the day.

 After the passenger boards the intermediate train he shifts to the continuously moving train, once the intermediate train accelerates to 100kmph running parallel with zero relative velocity between the 2 trains. Just before the destination arrives the passenger similarly moves back to the intermediate train and consequently alights on the platform. This enables the passenger to be in a state of constant motion between the point of boarding and the destination.

 Since the passengers are in a state of constant motion the duration of commute over long distances is reduced by up to almost half. This projects employs regenerative braking so that the energy lost during the deceleration of the intermediate train is recovered and used to maintain the constant velocity of the outside train. Since the doors will automatically lock there is no risk of passenger injury due to recklessness. Due to the extra space provided by the continuous length of the train, the problem of overcrowding largely diminishes.

Rationale

 The extra space also increases the capacity of the suburban railway system. Extra space provides comfortable transport conditions.

Detail Design
1) PATH OF TRAIN: Borivali Thane

Churchgate

CST


CAD Design for Fast Train Coach.

CAD Design for Intermediate Train Coach

2) PATH LENGTH = 93.062km. Length of One coach =22m No of Bogies per loop =93.062/22.5 =4136

3)Energy Requirement of continuously Moving Loop. Tare Wt/coach =26 tons Total Payload/coach =21.84 tons (considering 80%traffic density.) Total Wt/coach =47.84 tons Total Wt =4136*47.84 =197.866 * 10^3 tons

Energy required to accelerate continuously moving train / day=Final Kinetic Energy- Initial Kinetic Energy. Initial Velocity =0 Final Velocity =100 kmph = 27.77 m/s

Energy required / day= 0.5*m*(v^2)-0 =0.5*197.866*1000*1000*(27.77^2) =7.63*10^10 KJ Power required to over come friction=u*N*V =0.001*197.866*1000*1000*9.81*27.77 =53.903 MW

4) Energy Requirement of Intermediate Loop. Wt/coach =12 tons Total Payload =5.46 tons Total Wt/coach =17.46 tons Total Wt =17.46*4136 =72.21*10^3 tons Time in which acceleration takes place =30 sec Power Required to Accelerate train to 100kmph =0.5*m*v^2 =[0.5*72.21*1000*1000*(27.77^2)]/30 =928.106 MW Assuming efficiency of regenerative brakes as 70%

Total Power spent =928.106*0.3 =278.43 MW Power Required to overcome Friction =u*N*V =0.001*72.21*1000*1000*9.81*27.77 =19.671MW 5)Present System Power Consumption. Velocity=16.667 m/s Mass/coach=37 tons Total Payload/coach=27.3 tons Total Wt/coach=64.3tons Total Wt =12*64.3 =771.6*10^3 kg

Energy required to accelerate 12 coach train up to 16.66m/s =0.5*m*v^2 =[0.5*771.6*1000*16.667^2]/10 =7.144 MW No of trains running during Peak Hour=72 Total Power=7.144*72 =514.42 MW Power Required to overcome Friction =u*N*V =0.001*771.6*1000*16.667 =0.0128MW

Total Power to overcome Friction = 72*0.0128 =0.926 MW =926 KW Total Power Requirement of Present System =514.42+0.926 =515.34 MW Energy saved = Present System energy consumption =New System energy Consumption =515.34-(298.101+53.903) =163.33MW Percentage Savings=31.7%

Conclusion
The new system promises to drastically reduce the mortality rate of passengers. Considerable amount of energy is saved. Cost of maintenance is relatively lower. Reduction in overcrowding. Shorter duration of commute. Cheaper and comfortable transportation is achieved.