A PRESENTATION ON PROTOCOL STACK AND INTERNETWORKING

Submitted to:
Dr. Anupama Marwaha Deptt. of ECE

Submitted by : Devaki Nandan Yadav PG/ECE/116510 Suchital Debberman PG/ECE/116518

1

As seven layer OSI model is shown:

Protocol Stack
A collection of different protocols in a layer of OSI model. It is also known as Protocol Suite. And a chosen protocol for a particular application is called functional protocol.

Types of Protocol Stack:

1. MAP(manufacturing automation protocol): It is a standard for information transfer among computer systems in a plant. 2. TOP(technical and office protocol): It is developed by the Boeing company in U.S.A. for office automation. It uses the concept of CSMA/CD.

Map is defined by deriving features from the following:

1. ISO OSI Model 2. IEEE LAN Standard (such as Ethernet, Token bus, Token ring)

TOP defines fives types of system that may be present in a TOP network: 1. An end system which implement the full TOP protocol suite. 2. A repeater 3. A bridge 4. A router 5. A gateway

Comparison with TCP/IP:

Protocol Reference Model of OSI:

Data Encapsulation a) PDU conception each protocol on the diff. layer has its own format. b) Headers are added while a packet is going down the stack at each layer. c) Trailers are usually added on the second layer.

Summary:
The internet is a collection of many separate networks. TCP/IP is the protocol suite for the internet. There are local, regional, national and international internet services providers. A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communication ; the key element of a protocol are syntax, semantics and timing.

The internetworking:
Build a single network (an interconnected set of networks, or internetwork, or internet) out of a large collection of separate networks.
Each network must stand on its own, with no internal changes allowed to connect to the internet. Communications should be on a best-effort basis.. No global control at the operations level.

Internetworking challenges:
Challenges: lots of different kinds of networks (Ethernet, FDDI, ATM, wireless, point-to-point) how to unify this hodgepodge? how to provide unique names for potentially billions of nodes? (naming) how to find all these nodes? (forwarding and routing)

Fundamentals of Internetworking:
We define "Internetworking" as the science/black art of connecting different networks together. Target Audience Networking professionals with a basic understanding of local area networking.

Internetworking with repeaters

r

Repeaters (also called hubs) directly transfer bits from their inputs to their outputs

Internetworking with repeaters

Telnet, FTP, HTTP, email

application transport network data link

application transport network data link physical Repeater (forwards bits) Host on network B

10Base-T

physical Host on network A

Internetworking with bridges

b

Bridges (b In the figure) maintain a cache of hosts on their input segments.

Selectively transfer ethernet frames from their inputs to their outputs.

Internetworking with bridges

Telnet, FTP, HTTP, email

application transport network

application transport network data link physical Bridge (forwards ethernet frames) Host on network B

CSMA/CD

data link physical Host on network A

10Base-T

SUMMARY
Under-standing where complex pieces of internetworks fit into the OSI model will help you understand the concepts better. Internetworks are complex systems that, when viewed as a whole, are too much to understand. Only by breaking the network down into the conceptual pieces can it be easily understood.
Cont.

It provides the interaction between various layers and protocols makes designing, configuring, and diagnosing internetworks possible.