AD HOC NETWORKS

BHAVUK GHAI 10706027..

NETWORKS
WIRELESS NETWORKS

infrastructure network
(LAN/WLAN)

Ad Hoc network

WLAN (Infrastructure Based) CENTRALISED

INFRASTR UCTURE

ACCESS POINTS

TEMPORARY NETWORK
MOST OF THE NETWORKS DEVELOPED TODAY REQUIRE SOME KIND OF INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH ESCALATES THE SET UP COST. BUT WHAT IF WE REQUIRE A NETWORK SET UP ONLY FOR A SHORT TIME.

THE SOLUTION LIES IN AD HOC NETWORKS.

AD HOC (set up for purpose )

NODES

AD HOC NETWORKS
DOESNT REQUIRE A PREEXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE. THEREFORE IT DOESNT REQUIRE A ROUTER OR AN ACCESS POINT. PEER TO PEER COMMUNICATION. THEREBY , NO CENTRAL HUB.

ACCESS POINTS
Wireless access points (APs or WAPs) are specially configured nodes on wireless local area networks (WLANs). Dedicated hardware devices featuring a built-in network adapter, ANTENNA, and radio TRANSMITTER.

Access point

DE CENTRALISED
EACH NODE PARTICIPATES IN ROUNTING BY FORWARDING DATA FOR OTHER NODES

NUANCES
EACH OF THE NODES IS EQUIPPED WITH WIRELESS ADAPTER CARDS. EACH OF THE NODES BEHAVES AS A ROUTER. AS THEY ARE DECENTRALISED THE MESSAGE DELIVERY MUST BE EXECUTED AT EACH NODE. AD HOC N/W THUS REQUIRE A EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL AS THE NETWORK TOPOLOGY IS DYNAMIC.

Towards MANETs
Networking wireless hosts:
Cellular Networks
Infrastructure dependent High setup costs Large setup time Reliable

Towards MANETs
Some motivating applications: Casual conferencing
low set-up time, cost preferred

Battlefield operations/disaster relief

infrastructure unavailable

Personal area networking

devices around the home/office

Cellular networks are not preferred.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks

SCOPE

mobile hosts multi-hop routes between nodes may not use infrastructure
Source: it644 course material Prof. Sridhar Iyer

Characteristics of MANETs
Dynamic topology
links formed and broken with mobility

Possibly uni-directional links Constrained resources

battery power wireless transmitter range

Network partitions

MANET (MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK)

Self-configuring infra structure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently

Self configuring

PROS
Rapidly deployable, self configuring. No need for existing infrastructure. Wireless links. Nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamic. Nodes must be able to relay traffic since communicating nodes might be out of range. A MANET can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external networks(Internet).

CONS
Since links can be connected or disconnected at any time, a functioning network must be able to cope with this dynamic restructuring, preferably in a way that is timely, efficient, reliable, robust and scalable. The primary challenge in building a MANET is equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic This is the major problem with mobile ad-hoc networks as links come and go depending on the transmission characteristics. DYNAMIC TOPOLOGY : The mobile node might move or medium characteristics might change.

ROUTING IN AD HOC NETWORKS

ROUTING

FLOODING OF DATA FLOW

DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING PROTOCOL

Dynamic source routing protocol

Determining source routes requires accumulating the address of each device between the source and destination during route discovery. The accumulated path information is CACHED by nodes processing the route discovery packets.

The Future Indeed

We have everybody with their devices, but they couldnt use them. These devices are capable of communicating with other nearby devices, so theyre capable of conveying information across an entire ad hoc network. But there was no ad hoc network set up. There was no software to do that. This app would persuade people to open up their phones to direct transmissions from their neighbours may not have emerged yet. The enthusiasm greeting Apples announcement that future versions of the iPhone might be able to serve as wireless base stations suggests that the idea could have market potential.