WIRELESS SYSTEMS

Presented by :Shobhit Shukla EN-64

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
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Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

WIRELESS COMPUTING
WIRELESS GROWTH INTERNET GROWTH

- web access - e-mail - file transfer - location services - streaming audio & video

RF & DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

MOBILE SOFTWARE

CURRENT TECHNOLOGY

TDMA :Time Division Multiple Access, is a technique for dividing the time domain up into sub channels for use by multiple devices. CDMA :Code Division Multiple Access, allows every device in a cell to transmit over the entire bandwidth at all times.

History of wireless systems

Wireless mobile communications systems are uniquely identified by "generation designations. Introduced in the early 1980s, first generation (1G) systems were marked by analog frequency modulation and used primarily for voice communications. Second generation (2G) wireless systems, which appeared in the late 1980s, were also used for voice transmission and reception. The wireless system in widespread use today is 2.5G-an "in between " service that serves as a stepping stone to 3G. Whereby 2G is associated with (GSM) service, 2.5G is usually identified as being "fueled " by General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) along with GSM.

ISSUES ON 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM

High input fees for the 3G service licenses. Inefficient to meet needs of future highperformance . Require wider bandwidth. Lack of coverage because it is still new service.

Need for 4G wireless system

3G systems are designed for voice and paging services, as well as interactive media use such as teleconferencing, Internet access, and other services. The problem with 3G wireless systems is bandwidth-these systems provide only WAN coverage ranging from 144 kbps (for vehicle mobility applications) to 2 Mbps (for indoor static applications). Step to 4G, the "next dimension " of wireless communication. The 4g wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and gives the ability for world wide roaming to access cell anywhere.

4G Wireless: One View

4G WOFDM high speed downlink a wireless cable modem Complement to EDGE/UMTS High peak data rates (up to 10 Mb/s) in a 5 MHz channel spectrum - 500 MHz to 3 GHz 3G EDGE/WCDMA network for uplink, downlink, control and signalling

4G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

Fourth generation wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide area coverage and high throughout. It is designed to be cost effective and to provide high spectral efficiency . The 4g wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Ultra Wide Radio Band (UWB),and Millimeter wireless. Data rate of 20mbps is employed. Mobile speed will be up to 200km/hr. The high performance is achieved by the use of smart antennas combined with adaptive modulation and power control. Frequency band is 2-8 GHz. it gives the ability for world wide roaming to access cell anywhere.

4G HARDWARE

Ultra Wide Band Networks :Ultra Wideband technology, or UWB, is an advanced transmission technology that can be used in the implementation of a 4G network. Smart Antennas :: Multiple smart antennas can be employed to help find, tune, and turn up signal information

OFDM FOR 4G WIRELESS

~ 6 kHz ~ 800 tones

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies.
~ 5 MHz

Mobile OFDM parameters: ex.

5 MHz channels ~ 6 KHz tones ~ 13/26 MHz sample rate 1 to 2 msec time-slots in 20 to 40 msec frames

OFDM is being increasingly used in high -speed information transmission systems: - European HDTV - Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) - Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL) - IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN

OFDM CHARACTERISTICS
High peak-to-average power levels Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path Enables efficient TX and RX diversity Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier Frequency diversity Robust against narrow-band interference Variable/dynamic bandwidth Used for highest speed applications Supports dynamic packet access

Features

Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband services IP based mobile system.

High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit.

Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services. Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service driven services. Better scheduling and call admission control technique. Ad hoc and multi hop networks (the strict delay requirements of voice make multi hop network service a difficult problem). Better spectral efficiency. An infrastructure to handle pre existing 3G systems along with other wireless technologies,

ADVANTAGES
Cellular providers have the opportunity to offer data access to a wide variety of devices Provides mobility More Flexible More Reliable Easier to Standardize Offers Affordability

DISADVANTAGES
Obtaining information from everyday people illegally becomes easier. Involves the possibility of some interference though not much. Capable of being attacked (jamming frequencies). Invasion of privacy increased.

COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G AND 4G

Major Requirement Speed Frequency Band Bandwidth
Switching Design Basis

3g
384 Kbps to 2 Mbps
Dependent on country

4g
20 to 100 Mbps Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz) 100 MHz (or more) All digital with packetized voice OFDM and MC-CDMA

5-20 MHz Circuit and Packet

Access Technologies

W-CDMA

CONCLUSION

4G will be a Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety of Services, ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.