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1- Yarn
2- Difference between thread and yarn

3- Processing of yarn
3- Classification of yarns 4- Conclusion
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A generic name for an assemblage of fibers that is laid or twisted together. A no. of fibers twisted together. A no. of filament laid together twist. without

A no. of filaments laid together with more or less twist. Assemblage of fibers for manufacture of fabric.

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YARN

THREAD

Used to construct a fabric. Yarn is an assemblage. Yarn may not be a thread. Yarn may not be so constructed.

Used to join piece of fabric. Thread is always a product. Thread is always a yarn. Thread must be so constructed.

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Processing of yarns
Yarn

processing is the first series of operation The steps varies for different fibers In making fiber into yarns there are two types of processes 1- General process- Common to many yarns.

2- Texturizing process- To obtain special textured effect,extra bulk,stretch or a combination of all.

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1. General processes includesa) Degumming b) Scouring c) Carbonizing d) Opening and blending e) Tinting f) Picking and cleaning g) Carding h) Combing i) Drawing, spinning and winding j) Throwing
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2. Texturizing process impartsa). a permanent loop, curl or crimp to individual filament b). more opaque c). have a different appearance or feel warmth d). more absorbent e). non-pilling quality f). greater durability g). moisture absorbent

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On the basis of special use

On the basis of fiber length

On the basis of no. of parts

YARN
On the basis of yarn size On the basis of amount of twist On the basis of yarn twist

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On the basis of no. of parts

Simple yarns Novelty yarns

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Simple yarn

Single yarn (Product of first twisting operation)

Ply yarn (Product of second twisting operation)

Cord (Product of third twisting operation)

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2. Novelty yarn Made for their appearance value. Irregular in size, twist and effect. Has three basic parts1. The ground or foundation

2. The fancy or effect

3. The binder That are loose and resistance to fabric. bulky give crease

Add interest to plain weave fabric. If used in one direction, usually in filling direction.
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 Different

type of novelty yarns:-

1-Slub Yarn

2- Flock Yarn

3-Spiral Yarn
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4-Ratine Yarn

5-Boucle Yarn

6-Knot Yarn

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7-Core Spun Yarn

8-Metallic Yarn

9-Chenille Yarn
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On the basis of direction of twist

S-twist z-twist

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S- TWIST

z-TWIST (16)

 Twist

are of two types:-

1- S- twist Direction of twist follow the center

bar of letter S. Also known as left twist.

2- Z- twist Direction of twist follow the center

bar of letter Z. Also known as right twist.

Most

yarns are made from this twist only.

Z- twisted yarns are more tightly twisted than Stwisted yarn.

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 The degree of twist affect Its fineness Its strength Shed soil easily Its elasticity Its abrasion resistance Appearance of fabric
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Low twist

On the basis of amount of twist

Average twist High hard twist

Crepe twist
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Amount of twist

Low twist (6-8 tpi)

Average twist
(20 tpi)

High hard twist (30-40 tpi)

Crepe twist (40-80 tpi)

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 Determine

durability and serviceability of

fabric.
Fine

yarn require more twist than coarse

yarns.
Warp

yarn require more twist than filling

yarn.
Knitting Short

yarn have less twist than filling yarn.

fiber require more twist than long and

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filament fiber.

On the basis of yarn size

Spun yarn size Filament yarn size

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1. Spun fiber yarna) Fixed weight yarn count number b) length per unit of weight- Count number

C) The finer the yarn the higher the number is 2. Filament fiber yarna) Fixed length denier count system b) weight per unit of length- denier C) coarser the yarn higher the denier count number is
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3- Tex System:a) A new system used universally known as tex system. b) Based on fixed length system. c) Weight in grams per 1000mtr. of yarn-tex number. d) Tex number increase with size of yarn.

The thickness or size of a yarn- Linear density.

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Some special used yarns are:-

1- Sewing thread

2- Embroidery thread
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3-Textured yarns

4-knitting yarn

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On the basis of fiber length

Spun yarn Filament yarn

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Fiber Length

Spun Yarn
Made from staple fibre Developed by mechanical spinning process

Filament yarn
Made from continuous length fibre Developed by chemical spinning process

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 Spinning

is the process of development of fibres into yarn. Spinning process are of two types:1. Mechanical spinning 2. Chemical spinning Spun yarns developed by mechanical process. Filament yarns developed by Chemical process.
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Development of staple fibre into spun yarn. The steps are:1) Breaking/opening or blending 2) Lap to card sliver by carding process 3) Card sliver to comb sliver by combing process 4) Drawing out process 5) Roving 6) Spinning 7) Winding
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Development of continuous length fibre into filament yarn. The steps are:1) Dissolving the raw material to make a solution 2) Extruding the solution through a spinneret 3) Solidifying the fibre This process are of two types:a. Wet spinning b. Dry spinning c. Melt spinning

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CHEMICAL SPINNING

Wet spinning

Dry spinning

Melt spinning

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an important constituent in the manufacture of fabric.

can incorporate design by understanding every detail of yarn.
much of the variety, beauty and texture of fabric is due to yarn differences.

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