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Contents
Oral cavity Tongue
Esophagus
Stomach
Introduction
Gastrointestinal tract is
to anus
Mucous layer
Mucosa comprises:
Epithelial lining
Lamina propria Consists of loose connective tissue
outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells It separates the mucosa from the submucosa
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Function of mucosa
Secretion Absorption
Barrier
Immunologic protection
Submucous layer
Composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains:
blood and lymph vessels
Muscular layer
It contains smooth muscle cells that are spirally oriented and divided into two sublayers:
Internal sublayer is circular
Serous layer
Consists of thin layer of loose connective tissue
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Oral cavity
Oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium,
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Tongue
The tongue is a mass of striated muscle covered by a
mucous membrane
The dorsal surface of tongue is rough due to presence of
papillae
The ventral surface of tongue is smooth The posterior one-third of dorsal surface is separated
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Papillae
Papillae are elevations of epithelium and lamina propria. There are four types of papillae:
Filiform papillae - slender, conical shape, most
flattened surfaces, distributed in the V region in the posterior portion of the tongue
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skeletal muscle
The muscles are longitudinal, transverse or oblique
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ridges
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium covers the
mucosal ridges
Lamina propria of the mucosa is wider but similar to that in the
anterior two-thirds
Lamina propria contains diffuse lymphatic tissue,
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Esophagus
Esophagus is a muscular tube extends from the pharynx to the stomach
Histologically it consists of four layers: mucosa submucosa muscularis externa
adventitia / serosa
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Upper esophagus
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Mucosa
Mucosa consists of three parts:
epithelium
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
lies below the epithelium, consists of thin layer of fine connective tissue, contains small blood vessels, diffuse lymphatic tissue and a small lymphatic nodule consists of a layer of longitudinal
muscularis mucosae
smooth muscle fibers
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Submucosa
Submucosa:
a wide layer of moderately dense irregular connective
trissue,
Contains adipose tissue, esophageal glands and blood
vessels
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Muscularis externa
Muscularis externa located inferior to the submucosa
Composed of two well-defined muscle layers:
Adventitia / serosa
Adventitia / Serosa :
In the thoracic cavity, the outer most layer of the
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Esophageal-stomach junction
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Stomach
Stomach is a dilated segment of the digestive tract, that
digest food and secrets hormone There are three histological regions: Cardia Fundus and body Pylorus The fundus and body are identical in microscopic structure The mucosa and submucosa of the undistended stomach lie in longitudinally directed folds known as rugae When the stomach is filled with food, folds flatten out
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Histological structure
Stomach has four histologic layers:
Mucosa Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
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Mucosa
Mucosa consists of:
Surface epithelium simple columnar, that invaginates to various extents into the lamina propria, forming gastric pits
Lamina propria composed of loose connective tissue, contains gastric glands, lymphatic tissue or small lymph nodule Gastric glands contain two distinct cell types acidophilic parietal cells and basophilic chief cells
Muscularis mucosae
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Submucosa
Submucosa lies below the muscularis mucosae It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue It contains small blood vessels, and isolated or clusters of
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Muscularis externa
Muscularis externa consists of three layers of smooth
muscle
Inner oblique muscle layer Middle circular muscle layer Outer longitudinal muscle layer Myenteric (Auerbachs) nerve plexus of
parasympathetic ganglia and nerve fibers is located between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers
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Serosa
Serosa consists of thin connective tissue that overlies the muscularis externa
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Fundic mucosa
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References
Basic Histology Luis Carlos Junqueira, 11th edition diFiores Atlas of Histology 10th edition
edition
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