Spectroscopy of Super Heavy Nuclei

R-D Herzberg

In-beam Studies
Experience with gamma and CE studies Unique set of problems Main challenge is Fission

R-D Herzberg

In-beam Data
S. Eeckhaudt et al., EPJA 26, 226 (2005)

R-D Herzberg

Equipment
Target (Wheel) Prompt Spectrometer capable of high rate Separator with large transmission Excellent Recoil ID DAQ capable of high rate
R-D Herzberg

Gamma Ray spectrometer

Dominant channel is constant ~0.1 - 1b Fission. This limits Ge rate! Target wheel spokes need beam sweeping High granularity and large distance to keep individual rates low Background from entrance windows etc.
Need windowless system!
R-D Herzberg

Rate calculation basics

10 pnA on 500 g/cm2 at 1 b = 325
Reactions/h

At maximum XS ~20 in the system Fission rates adjusted to match experimentally observed Ge rates, then scaled Two spectrometers: 10% and 50% Efficiency
e.g. EXOGAM or AGATA

R-D Herzberg

Sample calculations
tec tor iss io % Tra de n /s) z) y) (m b z) )

Th i ck /cm ne ^2 ss ) R ea c (pn I_B t ion A) ea m

aB

te /

ate raw

Re ac /h

Ga mm

Fis s/s

Ge _ra

ted

de t ec

(kH

EXOGAM:
500 500 500 500 2n 2n 2n 2n 20 1000 20 100 20 10 200 10 50 50 650 65 7 65 64 64 64 64 5 5 5 5 10 10 10 10 194 19 2 19 168 16.8

1 11 107 11

500 500 500 500

90000 90000 90000 900000

10 10 10 10

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

315 315 315 3147 1969 1969

(kH

(ug

(nb

(da

4.9 4.9 4.9 49.2 10.3 10.3

2.4 2.4 2.4 24.0

(M B

Da t ar

XS _s

T_ t ot

M( sf) G/ sf

M( g) Eff G/ h

XS

No

60 60 60 60

AGATA:
500 2n 500 2n

100 10

163 192 5 50 16.3 192 5 50

1 500 12 500

225000 10 2.50 225000 10 2.50

15.0 60 15.0 60

Compare Lines 3 and 4: Fission can become the bottleneck!

R-D Herzberg

ns m

de t

ec t

Bottlenecks
Ge rate. Present: 10 kHz/detector With digital electronics and high throughput preamplifiers: 30 kHz/detector, eventual aim is 100 kHz/detector

DAQ must handle these rates to preprocess and write to tape. Data rates up to 50MB/s
BGO suppression Recoil coincidence
R-D Herzberg

Conclusions
Decay studies will be possible without large changes to existing detector technology and electronics. Target/Separator are crucial.

In-beam studies will need highest rate capabilities electronics, DAQ. Target must allow the beam, 10 nb level possible.
R-D Herzberg

ECOS: European COllaboration for Stable (ion beams)

Marie-Helene Moscatello / M. Levitowicz (GANIL) Annamaria Porcellato (Legnaro) Uli Ratzinger (GSI) Sigurd Hofmann (GSI) Rauno Julin (JYFL) Faisal Azaiez (IPN-Orsay) Giacomo DeAngelis (Legnaro) Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg (Liverpool)
Task: Produce a document to NUPECC

-Physics -Study the up-grade of existing or new accelerators -Collaboration to mach the physics requirements -Physics requirements (accelerator,target,instruments)
R-D Herzberg

--The Science with high intensity stable ion beams, Beam intensity limitations and technical developments for various types of research lines!
N=Z nuclei (inbeam spectroscopy and decay studies) : G. DeAngelis SHE search : S. Hofmann Super heavy nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : R. D. Herzberg Neutron-deficient nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : R. Julin Exotic shapes and decay modes in nuclei : F. Azaiez Neutron rich nuclei using DIC reactions : F. Azaiez & G. DeAngelis Nuclear astrophysics: S.V. Harissopulos

--Status and future developments of existing facilities

LEGNARO : A. Porcellato GANIL : M. H. Moscatello/M. Lewitovicz GSI : S. Hofmann&U. Ratzinger JYVASKYLA : R. Julin KVI : S. Brandenburg

--Recommendations

Draft (quasi-final):NuPECC web pages.

R-D Herzberg