PIR BUX Lecturer, Institute of Nursing Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 24-4-2012

Define the term bronchitis Discuss types of Bronchitis Identify clinical features of Bronchitis Relate epidemiological concepts of Bronchitis Explain laboratory Investigation to diagnose bronchitis Treat the patient with bronchitis

It is inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. Short-lived (acute) Chronic, meaning that it lasts a long time and often recurs It follows viral respiratory infection It first affects nose, throat, sinuses Then it spreads to the lungs

Due to this viral infection A secondary bacterial infection attacks airway Means that this viral infection invites another secondary bacterial infection It further indicates that already week immune system of human body becomes more susceptible to other infections also The chances of complications increases two fold

The peoples who are more at risk The elderly, infants, Young children ( all those persons had week developed immunity) Persons with heart or lung diseases (theses persons lost immunity to diseases) Smokers

Following things can also make bronchitis worse Air Pollution Allergies Certain Occupations ( such as coal mining, textile manufacturing, grain handling) Infections

Chronic Bronchitis is one type of long term disease Old cough produces excessive mucous Cough with mucous for more than three months indicates chances of chronic bronchitis It is a member of Chronic Obstructive pulmonary diseases (Big family)

Chest discomfort Fatigue Fever Usually low Shortness of breath, worsens with exertion or mild activity Wheezing Cough that produces mucous, if it is yellowgreen, then indication of bacterial infection

After acute symptoms, dry & nagging cough ( lasting for several weeks) Ankle, feet, leg swelling Blue colored lips from low level oxygen Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or flue) Listen abnormal sounds in the lungs (rales) or other breathing sounds through stethoscope

Chest X Ray, Sputum samples Lung Function Tests Pulse Oximetry helps to determine oxygen level in the blood This quick and painless device is placed onto the end of your finger Arterial blood gas is a more exact measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, but it requires a needle stick and is more painful

No antibiotics in acute phase Antibiotics (bacterial Infections) Do not smoke Drink plenty of water Complete Rest Take Aspirin (Acetaminophen) {TYLOL} Dont give aspirin to children Use a humidifier or steam inhalation

Acute bronchitis patients recover excellently, if quit smoking and drink plenty of water Underlying lung or cardiac disease patients are at great risk to develop complications early detection, treatment with precautionary measures significantly improve chances of good outcome

Pneumonia can develop Recurrent respiratory infections from chronic infections Emphysema Right sided heart failure or cor pulmonia Pulmonary hypertension

Braman SS. Diagnosis and management of cough: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.Chest. 2006;129:1S-23S. Gwaltney JM. Acute bronchitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:chap 58.