Design of Electronic Drives for AC Machines

Chapter 1. Introduction

Dr. Umar T. Shami

Introduction
Text Book

Chapter 1 Introduction CONTENTS

1.1 The need for Variable speed drives 1.2 Fundamental Principles 1.4 Types of Variable Speed Drives 1.8.4 Electrical variable speed drives for DC motors (DC drives) 1.8.5 Electrical variable speed drives for AC motors (AC drives) 2.1 The 3-Phase Induction Motor

1.1 The need for Variable speed drives

In general, variable speed drives are used to: Match the speed of a drive to the process requirements Match the torque of a drive to the process requirements Save energy and improve efficiency

1.2 Fundamental principles

The following is a review of some of the fundamental principles associated with variable speed drive applications.

Forward direction Forward direction refers to motion in one particular direction. The Forward direction is designated as being positive (+ve). Reverse direction Reverse direction refers to motion in the opposite direction. The Reverse direction is designated as being negative (ve). Force Motion is the result of applying one or more forces to an object. Motion takes place in the direction in which the resultant force is applied. So force is a combination of both magnitude and direction.

1.2 Fundamental principles

Linear velocity (v) or speed (n) Linear velocity is the measure of the linear distance that a moving object covers in a unit of time. In SI units, this is usually measured in meters per second (m/sec). Kilometers per hour (km/hr) Angular velocity () or rotational speed (n) Although a force is directional and results in linear motion, many industrial applications are based on rotary motion. Torque The force used for rotating is known as torque. In SI units, torque is measured in Newton-meters (Nm).

1.2 Fundamental principles

Torque The force used for rotating is known as torque. Linear accelerationmeasured in Newton-meters (Nm). In SI units, torque is (a) Linear acceleration is the rate of change of linear velocity, usually in m/sec2.

1.2 Fundamental principles

Rotational acceleration (a) Rotational acceleration is the rate of change of rotational velocity, usually in rad/sec2.

Power Power is the rate at which work is being done by a machine. In SI units, it is measured in watts.

1.2 Fundamental principles

Energy Energy is the product of power and time. In SI units it is usually measured as kiloWatthours (kWh).

1.4 Types of Variable Speed Drives

(a) Typical mechanical VSD with an AC motor as the prime mover

(b) Typical electrical VSD with a DC motor and DC voltage converter;

(c) Typical electrical VSD with an AC motor and AC frequency converter;

1.8 Electrical Variable Speed Drive Methods

1.8.2 Ward-Leonard system

1.8 Electrical Variable Speed Drive Methods

1.8.3 Electrical Variable Speed Drive For DC Motors

The fundamental principles of a DC variable speed drive

1.8 Electrical Variable Speed Drive Methods

1.8.4 Electrical Variable Speed Drive For AC Motors

This is what we will study in detail (InshaALLAH).

Chapter-2 Three-Phase AC Induction Motors

The Induction Motor was invented by Nikola Tesla In 1888.

The early induction motor

Nikola Tesla

Chapter-2 Three-Phase AC Induction Motors

The AC induction motor consist of : Stationary part called the stator

Chapter-2 Three-Phase AC Induction Motors Rotating part called the rotor, supported at each end on bearings

2.2.1 The stator

The stator is the outer stationary part of the motor, which consists of: The outer cylindrical frame of the motor,

The magnetic path, A set of insulated electrical windings.

2.2.1 The rotor

This is the rotating part of the motor. The rotor can be either: Wound rotor type, Squirrel cage rotor type

The stator and rotor